草酸尿

The comparisons of biochemistry between OP and OR rats The differences between OP and OR rats included not only body weight, but lipids metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well, characterized with insulin resistance, increasing in serum free fatty acids and ketone body, and hepatic TC and TG in OP rats. However, no significant differences were observed in serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and fasting glucose between OP and OR rats.⑶Comparisons of metabolites in serum, urine and liver tissue between OP and OR rats①There were significant differences in amino acids concentration between OP and OR rats,especially in liver tissue, such as high concentrations in ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids in OP rats, suggesting differences in amino acids metabolism;② The different metabolites between OP and OR rats included increasing of various saturated fatty acids and decreasing of polyunsaturated fatty acids in OP rats;③The urinary metabolites analysis indicated that different structure or metabolism of gut microflora might exist between the two phenotypes, which probably influenced the regulation of body weight gain;④The end-products of catecholamines in urine and intermediates of krebs cycle in serum in OP rats were all up-regulated, suggesting that the activity of sympatheic nervous system and energy metabolism was higher in OP rats than OR rats.

胰岛素耐受实验和胰岛素敏感指数表明OP动物的胰岛素敏感性较OR动物下降，而OP大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸、酮体、肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著升高；但是，OP与OR大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖等的水平并无显著性差异；⑶肥胖易感与肥胖抵抗大鼠血清、尿液和肝脏组织提取物中代谢物的比较研究表明：①OP与OR大鼠的血清、尿液和肝组织提取物中多种氨基酸的含量存在显著差异，并以肝组织中的差异氨基酸数量为最多，包括各种生酮和生糖氨基酸水平在OP组的升高，说明氨基酸代谢的差异是两种体重表型大鼠之间存在的重要差异特征之一；②OP与OR动物肝脏和血清差异代谢物中包含多种饱和长链脂肪酸的升高如十四烷酸、十六烷酸、硬脂酸等和多不饱和脂肪酸的下降如亚油酸和花生四烯酸，说明两种体重表型动物的肝脏脂肪酸代谢存在明显差异；③长期高脂饮食喂养后，动物的尿液代谢物分析表明OP与OR动物体内的肠道菌群结构存在差异，这些菌群上的差别可能在动物体重增长的调节上产生影响；④与OR动物相比，OP动物尿液代谢物中儿茶酚胺类递质的代谢终产物如高香草酸、扁桃酸和4-羟基苯乙酸明显升高。

Objective: To study the effect of differe n t extracts of Alisma orientalis on urinary calcium oxalate stone formation i n rats and to identify the ef fective constituents.

中文摘要：目的：研究泽泻提取物不同组分对尿草酸钙结石形成的影响，并确定其抑制尿草酸钙结石形成的有效部位。

Adult male Wistar rats were randomLy allocated to 3 groups:control group, stone-forming group, Alisma Orientalis group. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique was used to examine bikunin mRNA expression levels in rat renal tissue.

将Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组、结石模型组、泽泻组，采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应检测大鼠肾组织bikunin mRNA的表达水平、镜下观察肾组织草酸钙晶体分布，同时检测大鼠血生化、肾钙含量、24h尿钙和尿草酸的分泌量。

Conclu sion: The ethyl acetate elution of ethyl acetate fraction extract of Alisma orientalis can significantly inhibit urinary calcium oxalate stone formation in rats and be the most effective constituent of Alisma orientalis .

泽泻醋酸乙酯浸膏的醋酸乙酯洗脱液能抑制实验性高草酸尿症大白鼠体内肾草酸钙晶体的形成，是泽泻抑制尿草酸钙结石形成的有效部位。

The score of renal calcium oxalate crystallization of 12%,25% medlar soak and apozem was reduced 38.7%, 54.8% and 48.4%, 58.1%(P.01) compared with the ethylene glycol drinking group. Conclusions: LBP can reduce the formation of renal calcium oxalate crystallization. The mechanism is to protect from damage by free radical and reduce the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell by hyperoxaluria.

适量的枸杞多糖可减少饮用诱石剂大鼠的肾草酸钙结石形成，其作用机制是通过抗氧化反应，减少自由基对肾组织的损伤，从而减少高草酸尿对肾小管上皮细胞的凋亡。

The low expression reductase in the calcium oxalate urolithic patientsmay play an important role by vitamin K circle in the formation of calcium oxalateurolithiasis.

结论草酸钙尿石症患者肾组织内VKORC1表达降低在草酸钙尿石形成中有重要作用，并可能通过维生素K循环作用于VKDC而发挥机制。

The microscopic examinations of sediment demonstrated RBC urine in 46 cases (50%),RBC morphology was homogenerous type under the light microscope; WBC urine in 33 cases (35.9%), of which cultures for microorganism in 12 cases were all negative; crystal urine in 14 cases (15.2%), of which noncrystal type crystal was identified in 12 cases, while calcium oxalate crystal in 2 cases.

沉渣镜检：红细胞尿40例，占50%，普通光镜下观察红细胞形态为均一型。白细胞尿33例，占35.9%，干化学、沉渣镜检阳性符合23例，其中12例尿培养未检出致病菌。结晶尿14例，占15.2%，其中12例非晶型结晶有4例按混浊尿鉴别程序确定为非晶型尿酸盐结晶；另2例为草酸钙结晶。

Yiqi Huoxue Paishi decoction have certain effects in curing rats that intragastrically administrated with 1.25% Ethylene Alcohol plus 1% ammonia chloride, the mechanism is reducing the Ca(superscript 2+), Mg(superscript 2+), P(superscript 3+), uric acid of the blood serum and increasing the Ca(superscript 2+), Mg(superscript 2+), P(superscript 3+), uric acid of the urine.

益气活血排石饮对1.25%乙二醇合1%氯化铵接灌胃制作草酸钙结石大鼠模型有肯定的疗效，通过降低血清Ca(上标 2+)、Mg(上标 2+)、P(上标 3+)、尿酸及肾组织草酸的含量以及增加尿Ca(上标 2+)、Mg(上标 2+)、P(上标 3+)与尿尿酸的排泄，发挥该方的治疗作用。

Methods: Randomly subgrouping the rat into normal group, model group, paishi granule up, and Yiqi Huoxue Paishi decoction group, except the normal and model group, rats in other groups were all intragastrically administrated with 1.25% Ethylene Alcohol plus 1% ammonia chloride, then to observe the Ca(superscript 2+), Mg(superscript 2+), P(superscript 3+), uric acid of the blood serum and urine, the ethanedioic acid in renal tissue.

随机将大鼠分为正常组、模型组、排石冲剂对照组和益气活血排石饮组，除正常对照组外，以1.25%乙二醇合1%氯化铵灌胃制作大鼠草酸钙肾结石模型，观察各组大鼠血清Ca(上标 2+)、Mg(上标 2+)、P(上标 3+)、尿酸及肾组织草酸以及尿Ca(上标 2+)、Mg(上标 2+)、P(上标 3+)、与尿尿酸的含量。

In this paper, the effect of corn silk extract on the formation of calcium oxalate crystal in healthy urines was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the growth process of calcium oxalate crystal was monitored by conductivity instrument. The mechanism of the corn silk extract on the calcium oxalate crystal nucleation and growth was discussed from point of view of biomineralization.

本文采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等方法分析了玉米须提取液对正常人尿液中草酸钙晶体形成的影响，通过电导率法研究了草酸钙晶体生长的动力学过程，以及从生物矿化的角度对玉米须提取液影响尿液中草酸钙晶体的可能机理进行了探讨。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。