草酸

The temperature affects partition of dipotassium glycyrrhizinat but the effect is minor. On the same time pH has major impact on the partition of dipotassium glycyrrhizinat. The coefficient is eight times higher when pH reaches 2. The improved Diamond-Hsu model can be used to correlate the partition coefficient of dipotassium glycyrrhizinat in the system of water/ethanol/isobutanol. The result of Infrared and TG analysis indicate the extraction product has the same characteristic features with dipotassium glycyrrhizinat.

结果表明：体系的初始点越靠近临界点，甘草酸二钾的分配系数越大；温度对甘草酸二钾的分配有～定的影响，但分配系数随温度变化不大；pH值对甘草酸二钾的分配有较大的影响，在pH=2附近，分配系数高出其他位置达8倍；改进的Diamond-Hsu模型可以用于关联甘草酸二钾在水+乙醇+异丁醇体系中的分配系数；红外和TG分析结果表明萃取产物与甘草酸二钾样品的性质特征相同。

The product includes the licorice frost, licorice paste, licorice acid, Acetyl Glycyrrhetic Acid, Crude Disodium Glycyrrhizininate, Dipotassium Glycyrrhizininate, Monopotassium Glycyrrhizininate, Diammonium GlycyrrhizininateDiammonium Glycyrrhizininate, Monoammonium Glycyrrhizininate etc.

产品有甘草霜、甘草膏、甘草酸、乙酰甘草次酸、甘草酸单铵盐、甘草酸单钾盐、甘草酸二钾盐、甘草酸三钾盐、甘草酸二钠盐、高纯甘草酸等品种。

Monoaminonium Glycyrrhizinate、Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate、Monopotassium Glycyrrhizinate、Glycyrrhinic Acid、Glycyrrhetinic Acid、Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate、Licorice Extract Block、Licorice Extract Powder、Matrine、Oxymatrine、Astragalus、Black Cohosh、Epimedium、Ginkgo Biloba、Maitake Mushroom、Red Clover、Glabridin.

甘草酸单铵、甘草酸二铵、甘草酸单钾、甘草酸二钾、甘草黄酮、甘草酸、甘草次酸、甘草浸膏、苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、植物提取物（黄芪、黑升麻、淫羊藿、银杏、灰树花、红东轴等等）、光甘草定。

ResultsBoth culture temperature and lumination braught about manifest effect on the induction of cell growth and secondary metabolite accumulation by oxalate.

结果光照和培养温度对草酸的诱导效果有很大影响，其中在12 h/d的光照下， 0.01～1 mmol·L-1的草酸对细胞生长和皂苷积累都有促进作用，而10 mmol·L-1的草酸对多糖积累有促进作用；在4个温度(22，24，26和28℃)水平下，随着培养温度的升高，添加草酸对细胞生长的抑制作用增强，但有利于多糖和皂苷的积累。

In this paper,functions of key enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of shikimic acid were analyzed,and the breeding of engineering bacterium by genetic improvements for high yield of shikimic acid was also discussed.

简述了莽草酸生物合成的途径，着重从基因工程角度分析了莽草酸合成过程中的关键酶及其对莽草酸产量的影响，旨在为研究和开发微生物工程菌生产莽草酸提供参考。

The glycyrrhizic acid antigen is prepared through the process including following steps: dissolving glycyrrhizic acid in N, N-dimethyl formamide, dioxane or dimethyl sulfoxide, heliophobically adding N-hydroxy succinimide, reacting with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide at 0-10 deg.c for 2-5 hr; and reacting with carrier protein at normal temperature for 4-6 hr to obtain glycyrrhizic acid antigen.

本发明所提供的甘草酸抗体，是用甘草酸抗原免疫动物，然后从被免疫动物的血清中分离得到的；所述甘草酸抗原按如下过程制备：先将甘草酸溶解在N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环或二甲基亚砜中，避光加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺，然后在0-10℃条件下与二环己基碳二亚胺反应2-5小时；接着与载体蛋白常温反应4-6小时，得到甘草酸抗原。

Therefore, pretreatment of raw flax was performed with selected chelating agents such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, sodium tripolyphosphate, oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate.

选用EDTA、多聚磷酸钠、草酸和草酸铵等螯合剂对亚麻原麻进行了预处理，结果表明：EDTA、草酸、多聚磷酸钠的处理效果均不理想，改变浓度、温度等条件，韧皮与麻秆并没有分离；而草酸铵是比较有效的螯合剂，用5 g/L的草酸铵在62℃处理亚麻原麻5 h后，韧皮与麻秆能够完全分离。

The advantages of catalytic synthesis of oxalate ester in gaseous phase by carbon monoxide are summarized. The five important characterization of our patent technology invented for the use of industrial raw material and the potential good economic value of the process are presented. It indicates that study and development of catalytic synthesis of oxalate ester .oxalic acid as well as glycols by natural gas in gaseous phase have a great advantage for full utilization of natural gas....

概述了&CO气相催化合成草酸酯&技术的先进性，介绍用工业性原料为主要内容的专利技术：&气相催化合成草酸酯连续工艺&的五个主要特点及其潜在的经济效益，并指出，用天然气经合成气进行气相催化合成草酸酯和草酸、乙二醇的研究与开发，可使天然气得到充分的利用，具有很好的经济效益，是天然气化工综合利用的一条有效途经，也是当代C1化学的重要发展方向。

The effects of such parameters as temperature, pH, feeding rate,concentration, [NH_3]_T/_T molar ratio, surfactants and agitation, on the morphology and size of the particles, were studied and conclusions obtained are as follows:(1) The morphology and size of the particles are mainly decided by the species of nickel oxalates present.(2) Speeding up dissolution-recrystallization process benefits the preparation of the particles of being composed of a single species with uniform morphology and high aspect ratio.(3) The variations of nucleation and growth supersaturation under different conditions have definite effects on the morphology and size of the particles.(4) Adding PVP25 at a proper amount is beneficial to the preparation of fibrous nickel oxalate particles with high aspect ratio. 3 The formation mechanism as well as the morphology and size control of fibrous cobalt oxalate particlesThe cobalt oxalate particles with fibre morphology were prepared using CoCl_2 solution and mixed(NH_4)_2C_2O_4, NH_3·H_2O solution by a double jet process.

研究了温度、pH值、加料速度、浓度、[NH_3]_T/_T摩尔比、表面活性剂及其添加量、搅拌等对颗粒形貌与粒度的影响，主要结论为：(1)草酸镍化合物种类是决定颗粒形貌与粒度的最主要因素；(2)提高陈化中溶解—再结晶速度，有利于得到物相单一，形貌规整，轴向比大的粉末；(3)不同条件下，颗粒形核与生长过饱和度改变，也会对粉末形貌与粒度产生一定影响；(4)适量添加PVP25有利于大轴向比纤维状草酸镍的制备。3纤维状草酸钴的形成机理及其形貌与粒度控制采用CoCl_2溶液与(NH_4)_2C_2O_4和NH_3·H_2O混合溶液并流加料合成的方法，研究了纤维状草酸钴的制备。

Oxalic acid loading substantially stimulated soil P release from A1 horizon, showing a linear relationship; but its effect on B horizon soil was relatively negligible, especially at low oxalic acid concentrations mmol L^(-1. Oxalate solutions 0.5~20.0 mmol L^(-1 oxalic acid adjusted to pH 5.16 with 10.0 mmol L^(-1) NaOH had a much higher (1.51~2.98 times) soil-P-release effect than oxalic acid solution the same in oxalate concentration. Therefore, the mechanism of oxalic acid/oxalate triggering release of soil phosphorus is assumed to be dominated by ligand-exchange or complexing reactions of oxalate anionC2O(superscript 2- subscript 4 but not simply acid-dissolving effect. The effect of oxalate anion on soil phosphorus release was found to be somewhat cumulative, i.e. the amount of P released was primarily controlled by the cumulative oxalate loading rate, relatively independent of the manner of oxalate addition (one-time or sequential).

结果表明，草酸能显著促进暗棕壤A层磷的释放，土壤磷溶出量随草酸溶液浓度升高而线性增加；但对B层土壤磷的释放效应相对较弱，草酸浓度低於5mmolL^(-1)时B层磷的释放不明显。pH5.16草酸钠溶液比相同浓度的草酸溶液具有更高的解磷效率，在设置二者浓度为0.5~20.0mmolL^(-1)时，前者的解磷量是后者的1.51~2.98倍，推断草酸盐溶液或凋落物淋洗液中草酸类物质促进暗棕壤磷释放的主要机理在於草酸阴离子C2O(上标 2-下标 4配位反应。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。