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Results show that after CO2 increases double, the area of forest and rare tree steppe of grassland area in the North of China will increase, the area of the rest will decrease, and the distribution pale of most grassland vegetation have the trendency of moving westwardly and northwardly;moveover besides the area with very drought climate, the grassland production of most areas will increase at different extent, thereinto, the area of Qing—Zang have over 20% increase, the north area of Xinjiang have 10%—15% increase, the grassland production in NeiMongol have less than 5% increase.

结果表明,CO_2倍增后,中国北方草原区森林和稀树草原的面积增加,其余各类草地面积都有所减少,且大多数草地植被的分布界线都有西推北移的趋势;而除气候极干旱地区外,绝大部分地区草地生产力都有不同幅度的增加,其中青藏区增加幅度超过20%,新疆北部增加幅度在10%~15%之间,内蒙古自治区草地的生产力增加幅度不到5%。

The P.pratensis community is in the phase of herbs and forbs of degraded alpine meadow.At the same time the P.pratensis population is in the dominant spices position,subordinate spices position and company spices position.So,we can replant P.pratensis and other grass seed to change the structure and composition of plant community,improve community environment,cause it to develop to subclimax community succession,reach the stabler state.We can apply fertilizer,improve soil nutrition condition,enable degraded grassland with the link of soil and vegetation system together to reach the stabler subclimax and climax state.

草地早熟禾群落处于高寒草甸退化的禾草杂类草阶段,草地早熟禾种群在群落中处于优势种地位、次优势种地位和伴生种地位,因此,可通过补播草地早熟禾和其他禾草草种,改变植物群落结构和组成,改善群落环境,使其向亚顶级群落演替,达到较稳定的状态;也可通过撒施肥料,改善土壤养分状况,使土壤与植被系统共同作用将退化草地演替为较稳定的亚顶级或顶级状态。

By means of field survey, systems analysis and history datum analytic methods, on the base of natural, social, economic conditions of the source region, the author analyzed the type, characters of vegetation of the source region, then aimed at the problems of produce in source region, and then took out thereinafter conclusions on studying approaches to sustainable utilization of grassland in the source region.

本文通过实地调查、系统分析、历史资料分析的方法,在阐明江河源进行草地生产的自然、社会、经济现状基础上,分析了江河源区植被分布的类型及特点、江河源区草地退化原因,并针对江河源区草地生产存在问题,提出了江河源区草地可持续利用的途径。

Under the different sowing seeds way the soil ulmin, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, the fast-acting phosphorus content present the tendency which in 0-40cm various soil layers increases along with the soil layer depth reduces, take 0-10cm soil layer soil content as biggest; The change tendency which the colleague mixes broadcasts mixes with the interlacing broadcasts the change tendency which the lawn fast-acting potassium presents reduces, after the unicast awnless brome lawn presents falls first, increases again falls, take 0-10cm and 20-30cm soil layer soil content as biggest, is 80, and achieves the extremely remarkable difference with other soil layers between; pH presents increases the tendency.

混播草地上牧草根系死亡后,能在土壤中遗留大量的有机质,在土壤微生物的作用下形成土壤腐殖质,其中有丰富的氮、磷、钾等元素。无芒雀麦,又名禾萱草,无芒草,是世界上分布较广,应用较多的优良牧草;是草地补播和建立人工草地的理想草种。无芒雀麦生长快,竞争力强,在杂草较多的草荒地上种植,也能获得成功,为我国温带和寒温带建造人工草地的当家草种。

Uses method which the field investigation sample and the indoor analysis unify, 2007-2008 years live the unicast awnless brome lawn and the awnless brome and the alfalfa interlacing in the Inner Mongolian nationality university agriculture school test farm take 2 years mix broadcast the lawn and the colleague mix broadcast the lawn as the objects of study, have studied under the different sowing seeds way the forage grass to the soil physics and chemistry nature influence, finally indicated:the change tendency which under the different sowing seeds way increases the soil bulk specific gravity overall along with the soil layer depth to present after reduces first increases, is the 10-20cm soil layer is lowest; Looking from the 0-40cm soil layer's mean value, the unicast awnless brome lawn soil bulk specific gravity is smallest, the colleague mixes broadcasts the lawn soil bulk specific gravity to be biggest.

科尔沁草原是典型的农牧交错地区,长期以来,由于不合理利用草地资源造成该区生态环境严重恶化,农牧业生产受到严重影响[1]。建立高产优质的人工草地是解决我国高寒地区草畜供求季节不平衡的矛盾,促进草地畜牧业持续发展的关键措施之一[ 2]。无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿都是营养价值高、适口性好、抗寒抗旱能力强的多年生牧草。将这两种牧草混播不仅能提高牧草产量和品质,延长草地使用年限,还能改善牧草的营养,提高牧草的适口性,有利于调制和青贮[3]。

The effect of Zea mays and Bromus riparius on soil and water loss were studied,the experiment was conducted to plant crop and grass in runoff-plots on the 15 degree slope naturally,the bare slop is CK,then the runoff and soil erosion amount and the biological characteristics of corn and meadow bromes termly were measured,and difference of soil and water loss prevention effect on the slop land were determined.The results showed that soil and water loss became less after both corn and meadow brome planting.And the leaf area and the coverage of meadow brome higher than corn,which was benefit for less soil and water loss at the rain season early.Meanwhile,roots of corn and meadow brome mainly distributed in 0-10 cm soil layer,and the root biomass of meadow brome was 2.88 times than that of corn.

试验在自然降雨条件下,在15°坡地设置作物与牧草径流试验小区,以裸地为对照,在每次降雨之后用全深剖面采样器取样,测量其径流量和土壤侵蚀量,定期测定玉米和草地雀麦的生物学特性,研究玉米与草地雀麦生物学特性变化及其坡地水土流失防治效果的差异,探索植物种植对坡地水土流失的主要影响因素,结果表明:种植玉米与草地雀麦,对坡地水土流失均有一定防治作用,但是,与玉米相比,草地雀麦的叶面积指数和覆盖度可在雨季前达到较高水平,有利于早期坡地水土流失防治。

Results are as following:The causes of grassland desertification of Hulunbeir are the outcome of interaction of nature and the human beings. Among these reasons, the loose soil texture, which was formed in the fluviolacustrine sediment during Quaternary, establish the physical ground, and the drought and wind is the natural force of grassland desertification. And then over-cutting forest, over-grazing grassland, imbalance of resource utilization and estrepement reduce the coverage of vegetation, therefore provide necessary conditions for the grassland desertification.

其中,形成于第四纪河湖相沉积沙的疏松土壤母质,为日后土壤风蚀奠定了深厚的物质基础;干旱多风的气候条件构成了草地风蚀沙化的自然营运力;而人为过度砍伐沙地林木资源、沙质草地长期超载放牧、资源利用不平衡以及乱垦、滥挖等不合理经济行为,又降低了沙化草地植被覆盖度,为草地风蚀沙化提供了必要条件。

Through analyses and assessment of Hulunbeier grassland ecosystem as a case study, the value of the grassland ecosystem and indirect value of ecosystem services in Stipa baicalensis steppe under different grazing intensities, qualitative study of h.

本研究以呼伦贝尔草地为研究对象,通过分析与评价呼伦贝尔草地生态系统提供的生态系统产品和服务功能的生态经济价值,以及不同放牧强度下贝加尔针茅草地的间接服务功能价值,定量研究呼伦贝尔草地生态系统为人们所带来的巨大的生态经济效益,以期为保护、建设和促进呼伦贝尔草地资源的可持续利用和发展奠定基础。

In the very cold areas, the hoist of air temperature could accelerate the aternation of freeze and melt of the soil, destroy the grass layer, accelerate the degeneration of grassland.

首先在加强草地生态保障基本措施的基础上,加强草地培育利用,集中治理退化草地,实现草地优化利用的模式。

The CH4 fluxes were higher in summer and lower in autumn and spring.The CH4 fluxes were significantly correlated with the air temperature and soil temperature, and they were also significantly correlated with soil water in different alpine meadow.

中度退化草地和轻度退化草地CH4吸收通量季节动态不明显,未退化草地、重度退化草地和人工草地CH4吸收通量季节动态较明显,生长旺季高于非生长旺季。

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