草地

The soil penetrometer system with DGPS location receiver was used to take the cone index-position data in the samples of 100m×100m at Xilamuren Town grassland and Honggetala grassland, which belongs to dry grassland in Damaoqi in Inner Mongolia.

我国是草地资源大国，草地资源丰富，类型众多，但草地生产力不高。当前，由于过度开垦、过度放牧、乱砍乱挖、生态环境恶化等原因导致的草地退化已成为影响我国草地畜牧业良性发展的主要因素。

The results showed that grassland and farmland were the main land use types of research area with obvious reciprocal transformation. Grassland was mainly transferred to farmland in 1975-1990. Farmland was chiefly converted to grassland, and grassland tended to increase in 1990-2004. The landscape diversity in the study area rose with the contagion index decreasing and fragmentation degree being intensified during 1975-2000. The advantageous patches maintained good connectivity with the increasing patch cohesion index and the decreasing landscape fragmentation during 2000-2004. The change of human interference intensity played an important role on the variation of land use structure. Land use intensity was mainly affected by the changes in population as well as national land use policies. In the following 20 years, the agriculture land area would tend to decrease, the grassland and unused land area would have a slight reduction by contrasting the increasing the forest land area notably.

结果表明，近30 a来，草地和农业用地面积在该研究区占居主导地位，并且它们之间发生着明显的相互转化。1975－1990年，草地主要向农业用地转移，1990－2004年农业用地主要转化为草地，草地面积增加；1975－2000年，研究区景观多样性升高，蔓延度指数下降，破碎化程度加剧；2000－2004年景观内优势斑块具有了很好的连接性，聚集度增大，整体景观格局破碎化程度降低；人为干扰强度的变化对土地利用结构的变化具有重要作用，土地利用强度主要受人口数量以及国家土地利用政策的影响；在未来20 a间农业用地面积会继续减小，草地、未利用土地面积将有小幅度降低，林地面积会显著增加。

At the same time,it plays an important ecological role on oasis and riverhead protection and ecological security.High resolution remote sensing data can provide an abundant,accurate and fast acquired data for the grassland studies on dynamic monitoring, biomass estimation,classification,disease and pest controlling,and planning,management,effec...

高分遥感数据因具有很高的空间、时间、光谱和辐射分辨率，为草地分类、草地估产、草地动态检测、草地病虫害检测、国家重大草地生态建设工程的规划、管理及影响和效益评价、精准草业建设等草地资源与生态研究工作提供了丰富、快速和精确的数据支撑。

The principal factors of P.pratensis geographical distribution is organic material、organic carbon and total phosphorus,the chemical factor is the Ph value.The type of distribution of P.pratensis in the SRYYL is P.pratensis+ Geranium spp.,P.pratensis+Elymus nutans,Potentilla anserina+P.pratensis, Ligularia virgaurea+P.pratensis,P.anserina+ Aconitum tanguticum+P.pratensis, Deyeuxia spp.+P.pratensis,E.nutans+P.pratensis, Carex moocroftii+P.pratensis,P.pratensis+Capsellabursa-pastoris,P.anserina+L.virgurea,P.pratensis+ Polygonum sibiricum,P.fruticosa+ Scirpus distigmaticus.

对三江源区草地早熟禾种群调查，主要分布的草地类型有：草地早熟禾+老鹳草草地型，草地早熟禾+垂穗披碱草草地型，鹅绒委陵菜+草地早熟禾草地型，黄帚橐吾+草地早熟禾草地型，鹅绒委陵菜+唐古特乌头+草地早熟禾草地型，野青茅+草地早熟禾草地型，垂穗披碱草+草地早熟禾草地型，青藏苔草+草地早熟禾草地型，草地早熟禾+荠草地型，鹅绒委陵菜+黄帚橐吾草地型，草地早熟禾+西伯利亚蓼草地型，金露梅+双柱头镳草草地型。

Any of various songbirds of the genus Sturnella of North America,especially S.magna,the eastern meadowlark,and S.neglecta,the western meadowlark,having brownish plumage,a yellow breast,and a black crescent - shaped marking beneath the throat.

草地鹨一种产于北美洲的草地鹨属鸣鸟，尤指东部草地鹨的东美草地鹨，和西部草地鹨的西美草地鹨，长有深褐色羽毛，胸部为黄色，喉部下面有黑色新月形标记

The 0-40cm soil layer soil mean value looked that mixes by the interlacing broadcasts the lawn soil ulmin, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content to be highest; The fast-acting phosphorus, the fast-acting potassium are highest by the unicast awnless brome lawn content; The colleague mixes broadcasts lawn pH to be biggest.

不同播种方式下土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量在0-40cm各土层内呈现随着土层深度的增加而降低的趋势，均以0-10 cm土层土壤含量为最大；同行混播和隔行混播草地速效钾呈现降低的变化趋势，单播无芒雀麦草地则呈现先降后增再降的变化趋势，以0-10 cm和20-30 cm土层土壤含量为最大，均为80，并与其它土层间达到极显著差异；pH则呈现出增加趋势。0-40cm土层土壤平均值来看以隔行混播草地土壤有机质、碱解氮含量最高；速效磷、速效钾以单播无芒雀麦草地含量最高；同行混播草地pH最大。

The objectives of the study were to: 1 reveal the responses of vegetation and soil to degradation by investigating community characteristics and soil physic-chemical properties; 2 quantify the contributions of human factors and natural factors and the relationship among the factors by analyzing the variation of each factor in past decades; 3 understand the succession of fenced undegraded meadow, artificial pasture, semi-artificial pasture and degraded meadow, and to 4 provide suggestions for restoration and rehabilitation of the degraded rangeland in the region.

本项研究旨在通过对黄河源区退化高寒草甸的植物群落特征和土壤特征调查，揭示植物和土壤养分对土地退化的响应；对源区人口及牲畜数量和国内生产总值，气候变化特点等因子的分析，量化人为干扰因子和自然因子的贡献率以及各因子之间的数量关系；以及对草地退化驱动力分析以及原生草地植被封育、人工草地、半人工草地的自然演替变化规律的研究，为高寒草甸退化草地恢复与重建提供科学依据。

In this paper, four different representative grassland types in Eastern Qilian Mountains were selected to be experimental samples. They were Polygonum meadow, Grass steppe, Swamp meadow and Kobresia meadow.

本文选取东祁连山四种具有代表性的高寒草地植被类型作为试验样地，即珠芽蓼草地，禾草草地，沼泽草地，嵩草草地。

Seven different representative vegetation types of alpine grassland in Eastern Qilian Mountains, which were Rhododendron fruticosa shrub land, Salix cupularis fruticosa shrub land, Dasiphoru fruticosa shrub land, Polygonum grassland, Grass steppe, Swamp grassland and Kobresia grassland were selected to be experimental samples.

本文选取东祁连山七种具有代表性的高寒草地植被类型作为试验样地，即杜鹃灌丛(Rhododendron fruticosa shrub land)，高山柳灌丛(Salix cupularis fruticosa shrub land)，金露梅灌丛，珠芽蓼草地，禾草草地，沼泽草地，嵩草草地。

Based on the analyses above, the research proposes some suggestions for protecting herdsman's rights and interests and inhibiting grassland degradation. They are:(1) Building the system of grassland resources dynamic monitoring;(2) Promoting the transformation: the congnition of herdman on grassland degradation to action; and peasant household as the basic production unit to the unit of production +ecological construction;(3) Perfecting the Household Contract System, promoting the use right transfer, exploring the new mechanism of grassland utilization;(4) Changing the guiding ideology of policy and measurement from pursuing the supply of products to muliti-function of grassland;(5) Promoting the development of organic animal husbandry.

以这些分析结果与观点为基础，本研究提出一些有助于保护牧民利益、抑制草地退化的政策与建议：(1)建立草地资源动态监测体系；(2)促进两个转变：牧民对草地退化影响的认知向行为转化、牧户作为单纯的生产单位向生产与生态保护单位相统一转变；(3)在稳定、完善草场承包制度的基础上，以草地使用权流转为切入点，探索草地资源利用新机制；(4)政策与措施的指导思想要由单纯追求畜产品的供给向发挥草地生态系统多功能性转变；(5)将有机畜牧业可以作为转变生产方式的一个选择进行试点与发展

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了