草原

Prairie dog Any of several burrowing rodents of the genus Cynomys in the squirrel family, having light brown fur and a warning call that sounds similar to a dog's bark.

场拨鼠，草原犬属：地松属科土拨鼠属的一种会打地洞的啮齿类动物，皮毛呈浅棕色，其警戒叫声与狗的叫声十分相似。

Desert grassland ; degra dation ; continued utilization ; countermeasure

荒漠草原；退化；可持续利用；对策

With a study of plant community succession on 5 stocking rates,herbage utilizational efficiency and risk-benefit balance,it is suggested the sustainable development should follow:(1)no degradational principle of rangeland,(2)the maximum herbage utilizational efficiency,(3)the risk-benefit balance,When stocking rate was no more than 2.67 sheep/hm2,the proportion of grasses and plant biodiversity index and evenness were increased based on Artemisia frigida and short-grass rangeland.

草地畜牧业可持续发展的三大生物经济原则为草场不退化原则、最大生物学效率原则和风险-利润权衡原则：(1)草场不退化原则。在冷蒿小禾草退化草原上，暖季期间1.33～2.67羊/hm\+2的放牧率下可使其发生恢复演替，禾草的比例增大，植物多样性指数和均匀度指数均有所提高，从而达到利用式改良的目的；相反，若继续重牧或过牧，放牧绵羊喜食的植物种类将进一步减少，植物多样性指数也有所降低。

A total of 21 isolates of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 15 species in 11 genera were obtained from 20 soil samples from Changtang Steppe in northern Tibet. Among them, Phialophora tibetensis is a new species; Phialophora melinii and Scopulariopsis fusca are new records for China.

作为对青藏高原土壤中暗色丝孢菌属、种多样性系统调研的一部分，笔者从采自藏北羌塘草原的20份土样中，分离获得21个暗色丝孢菌分离物，经鉴定分别属于11属中的15种，其中包括1个新种，西藏瓶霉Phialophora tibetensis和2个中国新记录种：蜜色瓶霉Phialophora melinii和暗色帚霉Scopulariopsis fusca，多数种为在此区域首次发现。

As the development of human society, population pressure is strengthened ceaselessly and unreasonable activity, be like excessive depasture, excessive cultivate, chaos is collected dig etc, make contemporary prairie happens generally degrade.

随着人类社会的发展，人口压力不断加强以及不合理的活动，如过度放牧、滥垦、乱采挖等，使现代草原普遍发生退化。

This erosion, coupled with a seven-year drought that began in 19 31 , turned once fertile grasslands into a desertlike region known as the Dust Bowl.

这侵蚀，再加上7年的干旱， 19月31日开始，把肥沃的草原一旦进入desertlike区域称为沙尘暴。

There are 23 species and 3 varieties Orobanche plants in China,most of which are distributed over north,northwest and northeast.The compounds of Orobanche were reported at phenylethanoid glycosides such as acteoside and isoacteoside,and acteoside has significantly protective againstα-galactose induced hepatic injury,which is better than Biphenyl dicarboxylate.

第一部分紫花列当化学成分及生物活性研究紫花列当Orobanche coerulescens Steph为列当科列当属二年生或多年生寄生草本植物，性温、味甘，生长于沙丘、干草原、砾石沙地和戈壁之中，寄生在菊科蒿属植物的根上，具有补肾、强筋之功效，用于肾虚、腰膝冷痛、阳痿遗精和神经官能症等疾病的治疗。

With the trade of the Byzantines, the Aksumites, the Sassanian Persians and the Indians, Byzantine coins could be transfered to the east through the habors along the Red Sea or the Persian Gulf and the Indian ocean. About the transfer of Byzantine coins and their imitations in the East: these coins went into China through the trade and the diplomatical relations, which were characteristic by paying tributes and allied-marriage between the kingdoms in the Western District and the dynasties in the central China.

具体到拜占廷金币以及金币仿制品在中亚和东亚的传播，以商业活动为渠道的经济关系，以及以诸如西域国家与中原王朝的经年朝贡与和亲为特征的外交关系，构成金币传入中原地区的主要途径；而包括丝绸之路陇西道、青海道以及北方草原道在内的各条商业路线，均承载了拜占廷金币以及金币仿制品的东传。

Wang. They are half-shrub belonging to section Dracunculus of genus Artemisia. with close kinships and quite similar morphological characteristics. Distributed in sand of steppe region and desert region in northern China, they are edificators or dominant species of sand vegetation and important wind break and sand fixation plants.

Wang是同属于蒿属龙蒿组的半灌木蒿类，亲缘相近，形态特征十分相似，分布于中国北方的草原区沙地和荒漠区，并成为沙生植被的建群种或优势种，是我国防风固沙的重要植物。

Dzeren have the thin and beautiful outlines and often live in the grassland of Semi-desert areas.

黄羊的体形纤瘦，身姿优美，栖息于半沙漠地区的草原地带。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。