茎叶体

In chapter 2, the contents of loureirins in the roots, stems and leaves of Dracaena cochinchinenis were analyzed by HPLC. On the other hand, using the preparation chromatography technology, five compounds were isolated from the leaves of Dracaena cochinchinenis, their structures were identified by means of spectral and chemical methods. They are steroidal saponins.

第二章主要是利用HPLC技术对剑叶龙血树根、茎、叶中龙血素成分的分析与探讨，并利用制备色谱等技术对剑叶龙血树叶子组成成分进行了分析、研究，得到化合物5个，经波谱鉴定，这5个化合物均是幽体皂贰类化合物。

The traits of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of the explants form H. sampsonii show that the calli the stem and leaf usually form buds at its parietal cells. In the presence of auxin, the parenchyma of the leaf gap at the node is initiated firstly, then, develops blastemata that form buds in a cluster on the node without callus. These show that the various parts ofthe herb differ greatly in cell initiation and organ differentiation.

研究元宝草外植体的脱分化和再分化的特点结果表明，茎段和叶片启动形成愈伤组织，其不定芽通常发生在愈伤组织的周边区，茎节叶腋的叶隙薄壁组织在激素的诱导下启动、分裂，不形成愈伤组织而直接器官分化成芽原基，并在节结处产生一圈成簇的不定芽，表明元宝草不同部位的细胞启动及器官分化调控存在差异。

The height of terminal buds, leave area and induction of adventitious roots of Ginkgo biloba were studied by adding of different concentration rare earth [La(NO3)3] in mediums of MS0 and 1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA.

以银杏成熟胚诱导的无菌苗茎段为外植体，探討稀土[La(NO3)3]对其茎段顶芽高度、叶面积及芽苗不定根发生的影响。

RT-PCR analysis showed that GhMADS1 gene expressed in petals, stamens, ovules and fibers, but not in roots, stems, leaves, bracts and sepals. The strongest expression of GhMADS1 gene was detected in petals. But in floral buds of a cotton homeotic mutant (CHV1), whose floral organs are all converted to bract leaf-like organs, the transcript of GhMADS1 gene was not detected.

RT-PCR分析显示，该基因在陆地棉的花瓣、雄蕊、胚珠和纤维中表达，特别是在花瓣中表达量最高，而在根、茎、叶等营养器官和棉花同源异型突变体CHV1（所有花器官均变为苞叶状叶性器官）的变异花蕾中不表达。

RT-PCR analysis showed the GhMASD1 gene expressed in petals, stamens, ovules and fibers, but not in roots,stems, leaves, bracts and sepals. The strongest expression of GhMADS1 gene was detected in petals. But in floral buds of a cotton homeotic mutant (CHV1), whose floral orgens are all converted to bract leaf-like organs, the transcript of GhMADS1 gene was not detected.

RT-PCR分析显示，该基因在陆地棉的花瓣、雄蕊、胚珠和纤维中表达，特别是在花瓣中表达量最高，而在根、茎、叶等营养器官和棉花同源异型突变体CHV1（所有花器官均变为苞叶状叶性器官）的变异花蕾中不表达。

Cauline leaves petiolate; sepals membranous only at margin, remaining until young fruit develops; petals caducous; style minutely papillate, cylindric; stem trichomes crisped simple and forked, or malpighiaceous; raceme elongated considerably in fruit.

茎生叶具叶柄；萼片膜质只在边缘，保持直到幼果发育；花瓣早落；花柱微小乳突，圆筒状；皱波状的茎毛状体单纯和分叉，或者；总状花序在果期相当大地拉长。

After the selection from one to three generations, several mutants were obtained. The major mutants included non-nodule mutants (18 lines) which failed to nodulate after inoculated with rhizobia for two weeks, ineffective nodulation mutants (9 lines) which had less uneven and white or transparent nodules, an abnormal leaf and flower mutant which was dwarf without stipules, abnormal flowers and less nodules, and a slender mutant with a thin stem and smaller leaves.

从种植的三代植株中，筛选到多种共生固氮根瘤的突变体，其中不结根瘤突变体18个株系，表现为接种根瘤菌两周后无根瘤形成；结无效根瘤突变体9个株系，表现为根瘤数目少且分布不均匀，根瘤呈白色，有些为半透明；花叶形态异常突变体1个株系，表现为除根瘤数目少外，植株矮小、托叶消失、花形态异常；纤细突变体1个株系，表现为除根瘤数目少外，植株变小、茎细叶小。

Sometimes armed with stinging hairs; epidermal cells of leaves, sometimes stems, perianths mostly with prominent cystoliths punctiform to linear; Leaves alternate or opposite, stipules present, rarely absent; leaf blade simple. Inflorescences cymose, paniculate, racemose, spicate, or cluster-capitate, usually formed from glomerules, sometimes crowded on common enlarged cuplike or discoid receptacle, rarely reduced into a single flower. Flowers unisexual, rarely bisexual in partial flowers; actinomorphic, very small,(1-)4- or 5-merous, rarely perianth absent in female flowers.

有时具有蛰毛的刺；叶的表皮细胞，有时茎和花被的表皮细胞大部分有显著的点状或线形的乳状体；叶互生或者对生，托叶有，很少无；单叶花序聚伞状，圆锥状，总状，穗状，或者丛生头状花序，花单性，部分花两性；辐射对称，小，(1-)4-或者5瓣，很少在雌花内无花被。

Vegetative agriculture is a kind of productive system, which concentrates mainly on the production of vegetative organs such as stems and leaves of plants including herbages, green fodder, vegetations, flowers, teas, tobaccos, as well as rhizome and fibre crops. The principal difference between the traditional agriculture and vegetative agriculture is that the former focuses on the productivity of the seed in the whole growing period and the latter focuses on the productivity of available nutrients at the different growing stages of plants.

中文题名高寒地区营养体农业的原理与效率研究副题名外文题名 The efficiency and the principle of vegetative agriculture in alpine region of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau of China 论文作者贠旭疆导师胡自治教授任继周院士学科专业草业科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位甘肃农业大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数153页关键词高寒地区营养体农业籽实农业营养体作物馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S181 /1 营养体农业是指以收获作物茎、叶等营养器官为主要目的的农业生产系统，如牧草、青饲料、蔬菜、花卉、茶叶、烟草、根茎类及纤维作物等农业生产系统。

The Plant tissue raise is the plant sterile culture technology, has the totipotency theory according to the vegetable cell, the use plant body exsomatize organ (for example root, stem, leaf, stem point, flower, fruit and so on), the organization (for example cambium, epidermis, cerebral cortex, marrow department cell, endosperm and so on) or the cell (for example big spore, small spore, somatic cell and so on) as well as the protoplast, in aseptic and suitable artificial culture medium and illumination, temperature and so on under artificial condition, can induce injuries the organization, not to decide the bud, the adventitious root, finally forms the complete adult plant the discipline.

植物组织培养即植物无菌培养技术，是根据植物细胞具有全能性的理论，利用植物体离体的器官(如根、茎、叶、茎尖、花、果实等)、组织（如形成层、表皮、皮层、髓部细胞、胚乳等）或细胞（如大孢子、小孢子、体细胞等）以及原生质体，在无菌和适宜的人工培养基及光照、温度等人工条件下，能诱导出愈伤组织、不定芽、不定根，最后形成完整的植株的学科。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失