英国的政策

Lord Browne, a former boss of the big British oil firm BP, doubts that Britain's laissez-faire energy policy is up to the job of decarbonising the economy, and wants state-owned banks directed to finance green-energy projects.

英国石油公司BP前老板Browne爵士认为，英国自由的能源政策简直就等同于放缓经济的发展。

According to the study of Britains domestic and home political policies as well as some political events from 1855 to 1865, the text try to show a different but real Palmerston, revealing him how to manage British affairs according to liberalism ideology, how to make great efforts on establishing a fair and tolerant government . Through his political actions, the text would make clear of the relationship between British liberal theory and the reality operation in the 19~ century. Between 1855 and 1865, British liberalism was in a relatively stable period to accumulate forces, and an ascendant transition period.

本文将通过对1855-1865年英国国内和国外众多政策和政治事件的整体性研究，展现一个与以往不同的、真实的帕麦斯顿，揭示帕麦斯顿是如何按照自由主义的理念管理1855-1865年的英国事务，如何为建立一个高效、公平和宽容的政府而努力，通过其政治行为展现十九世纪英国自由主义理论和现实运动之间的关系。1855-1865年间，英国自由主义处于一个相对稳定的积聚力量、蓄势待发的过渡时期。

Against England, the most important of all the Protestant nations to reconquer, military might was not yet possible because the Catholic Powers were too occupied and divided: and so, in the 1570's Rome bent her efforts, as she had done a thousand years before in the days of Saint Augustine, to win England back by means of her missionaries the most important of all the Protestant nations to reconquer,这句话是同位语,说明England.

对付英国，需要重新征服的所有基督教国家中最重要的一国，动用军事力量不可能。因为天主教大国们太忙，太分裂；因此罗马于1570年代就像一千年前，在圣·奥古斯都统治时期它曾做过的那样，竭尽权力想通过传教方式把英国赢回来。这篇文章论及"罗马教皇采用文武两手政策在欧洲，特别在英国，恢复旧教——天主教。"采用一般到具体的写作手法。可以说由大到小。

On May 15, 1903 Britains Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain made the speech in Birmingham. He appealed to give up free trade policy and adopt duty protection policy in order to maintain Britain Empire. It initiated a far-reaching Tariff Reform Campaign in the nation soon after.

1903年5月15日，英国殖民大臣约瑟夫·张伯伦在伯明翰发表演说，从维护帝国统一的立场出发，呼吁英国放弃自由贸易政策，实行关税保护政策，很快在全国引发了一场影响深远的关税改革运动。

They used to explain the "interference" actions with the international environment, the US cold war policies, and the British factor-the changes of Sino-British relations, the anti-British atmosphere in the ROC and/or KMT high-rank circle, and even the coned intervention of the Royal Navy to escort the British vessels from ROCN warships.

除了以国际大环境、美国冷战政策来解读之外，他们也质於强调「英国因素」，如中英关系的冷暖、中华民国政府／国民党高层的反英清绪，乃至英国海军为英国商船护航，抗拒国军舰艇等等。

That was only a few years after the unification of the two Germanies, at which time the make-up of the city's population was undergoing a momentous transformation, with large influxes of German-ethnic descendants from the former Soviet Union, immigrants from Eastern European countries and, thanks to the European Union's liberal consensual policy, African and Latin American musicians relocated from France, Britain, Netherlands and other countries –– representing a rich variety of nationalities and many kinds of music performed by the competition participants.

那时是德国刚统一后的头几年，居民的人口、性质正在大幅度改变，所以来报名参加的音乐团队成员，有来自前苏联的德国后裔、东欧的移民大幅度增加，另外从法国、英国、荷兰等移至德国的非洲及拉丁美洲音乐人口也大幅成长，后者要拜欧洲联盟的政策所赐；所以团队的国籍与音乐种类也丰富了许多。

Rather, policy is best conceived as being geographically differentiated between inter- and intra-urban movement; and policy outcomes are explained by reference to a detailed analysis of the institutional relations of policy-making and the dominance of a professionalized policy network in particular.

本文基于两个目的：第一，以英国交通规划为例对一个以前人们普遍接受的观点——&1950-1999年发达国家的交通规划通常只有一个范式&提出质疑，同时证明当这一范式在一系列交通规划实践支持之下，会导致道路建设成为解决交通拥挤的唯一途径；第二，由于城市之间和城市内部的交通政策通常是不同的，同时政策执行的效果也受到一系列政策制定制度及专业政策体系的影响。

In economy, the Old Empire rigidly controlled overseas trade of the colonies, and passed the Navigation Act. This system had been reasonable, but it could not be accommodated to the problem after the Seven Years War. The contradiction between America and Great Britain led to the collapse of the Old Empire.

旧帝国的特征体现在经济方面则是英国对殖民地的对外贸易进行严格限制，英国通过《航海条例》控制了殖民地的生产和贸易，这个体制曾经具有其时代合理性，但是&七年战争&之后，英帝国的形势发生了很大的变化，重商主义殖民政策已经无法解决帝国所面临的难题，英国同美洲殖民地的矛盾越来越大，最终导致了旧帝国的崩溃。

This paper attempts to illustrate the essence and influence of "1939 White Paper" through the historical backgrounds from the issue of the Balfour Declaration to " 1939 White Paper" and policy transition toward Zionism by British government.

本文试图通过英国贝尔福宣言的发表到1939年关于巴勒斯坦问题白皮书出台的历史背景及其对犹太爱国主义政策的转折性改变，来阐述白皮的实质和影响，其实质就是英国30年代对德、意绥靖政策的另类表现。

We have just mentioned in the policy of " Weltpolitik " instead of " continental policy ." Attempt to England for world hegemony. Why Germany dare contest to the British empire .

师：刚才我们提到德国以&世界政策&代替&大陆政策&，企图与英国争夺世界霸权，为什么德国在此时敢于与强大的英帝国较量？

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。