苯甲基

Methyl-4-aminobenzyl sulfonamide, a key intermediate for synthesis of the pharmaceutical substance Sumatriptan, was prepared throught four steps.

甲基 4 氨基苯甲基磺酰胺是一种重要的医药中间体，主要用于合成药物舒马普坦。

The obtained results show that the primary and secondary alcohols areconverted in good yields, whereas tertiary alcohol and phenol are unreactive.

当原料分别为乙醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇、苯甲醇和苯乙醇时，目标产物碳酸二乙酯、正丁基乙基碳酸酯、仲丁基乙基碳酸酯、苯甲基乙基碳酸酯和苯乙基乙基碳酸酯的产率分别为67.3、52.3、56.7、37.6和32.8％。

In the fifth chapter, a series of betulin derivatives including 28-acetoxybetulin, 28-tritylbetulin, 28-benzoylbetulin, 3-0-P-D-glucopyranoside of betulin and some betulinic acid conjugate containing amino acid were synthesized and confirmed by MS and NMR.

第五章分别合成得到了乙酰化白桦酯醇、28-苯甲酰化白桦酯醇、28-三苯甲基化白桦酯醇、3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of betulin和一系列的白桦酯酸苷氨酸的衍生物，并分别对其进行了结构鉴定。

In the fifth chapter, a series of betulin derivatives including 28-acetoxybetulin, 28-tritylbetulin, 28-benzoylbetulin, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of betulin and some betulinic acid conjugate containing amino acid were synthesized and confirmed by MS and NMR.

第五章分别合成得到了乙酰化白桦酯醇、28-苯甲酰化白桦酯醇、28-三苯甲基化白桦酯醇、3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of betulin和一系列的白桦酯酸苷氨酸的衍生物，并分别对其进行了结构鉴定。

Benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate, are derived isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetable, including watercress, broccoli and cabbage.

苯甲基异硫氰酸酯和苯乙基异硫氰酸酯是来自於十字花科蔬菜的衍生物，常见的十字花科蔬菜包含了花椰菜、甘蓝菜、芥菜…等。

The results showed that expression plasmid pET22b-lysB was constructed successfully. Highly purified recombination protein was obtained 33.2 mg from 1 L LB culture medium. A screening for His-LysB activity on esterase and lipase substrates confirmed the lipolytic activity. With p-nitrophenyl butyrate as substrate, the thermal stability of the enzyme was poor when the temperature was above 30oC. The enzyme exhibited higher stability at pH 5.0–9.5. The optimum temperature and pH for the lipolytic activity of His-LysB were 23oC and 7.5 respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the specific activity of His-LysB was 1.3 U/mg. Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Mn2+and phenylmethane sulfonyl fruoride severely inhibited the lipolytic activity of His-LysB.

结果表明：成功构建了pET22b-lysB表达载体，并从1 L的LB培养物中获得了33.2 mg高纯度重组蛋白；His-LysB具有分解脂肪的能力，属于脂肪酶；生物化学特性分析表明：丁酸对硝基苯为水解底物，His-Lys热稳定性不佳，30℃以下比较稳定，随着温度的升高，稳定性逐渐降低；该蛋白具有较高的pH值适应性，pH 5.0~9.5范围内稳定性较高；在23℃和pH 7.5时酶活力最高，其比酶活为1.3 U/mg；金属离子Zn2+、Cu2+、Mg2+、Mn2+和苯甲基磺酰氟抑制剂对酶活具有强烈的抑制作用。

Benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate induced apoptosis of DU-145 cells which also were confirmed by DAPI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis.

除此之外，苯甲基异硫氰酸酯和苯乙基异硫氰酸酯也会造成人类前列腺癌细胞株DU-145粒线体膜电位的改变，活性氧化物质和钙离子的释放以及造成DNA的损伤。

Western blotting show that benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate treatment gradually decreased the level of anti-apoptotic proteins, but increased the level of pro-apoptotic proteins.

接著，由西方点墨法的结果发现苯甲基异硫氰酸酯和苯乙基异硫氰酸酯会造成人类前列腺癌细胞株DU-145凋亡蛋白的增加和Caspase活性的上升。

Besides, benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate also decreased the levels of mitochondria membrane potential, induced reactive oxygen species and calcium ion production in examined DU-145 cells.

由结果显示，苯甲基异硫氰酸酯和苯乙基异硫氰酸酯确实会造成人类前列腺癌细胞株DU-145细胞周期停滞以及诱导细胞凋亡的产生。

Besides, benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate increased caspase-3 activity. Therefore, benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer DU-145 cells.

由此可知，苯甲基异硫氰酸酯和苯乙基异硫氰酸酯会造成人类前列腺癌细胞株DU-145走向凋亡的命运，值得更进一步研究发展为抗癌药物。

Now, however, all children continue in "comprehensive" schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow.

然而现在，所有的孩子都要在综合学校继续学习，所以这次考试只是决定他们将要学习哪些课程。

Cultivatable land , and led to a general recognition that development must not be carried at the cost of agriculture .

城区的迅速扩大在很多情况下侵占了宝贵的可耕地，使人们普遍认识到发展不能以牺牲农业为代价。