苯环

Dihydroxy-7, 4′-dimethoxy-dihydrflavonol and -3, 5, 7 -trihydroxy-4′-methoxy- dihydrflavonol were synthesized by selective protection, condensation, epoxidation, cyclization and deprotection from 2, 4, 6-trihydroxyacetophone and anisaldehyde.

以2，4，6-三羟基苯乙酮和茴香醛为起始原料，经选择性保护、缩合、环氧化、关环等步骤首次完成了-3，5-二羟基-7，4′-二甲氧基二氢黄酮醇和-3，5，7-三羟基-4′-甲氧基二氢黄酮醇全合成。

The epoxidation of of various olefins was carried out using LDH-F with Mg/Al=5 as the catalyst and H2O2 and benzonitrile as the oxidants. This catalytic system has excellent catalytic activity. The conversion and selectivity are both above 95% when using styrene, indene, allyl alcohol, and allyl chloride as the substrates.

以Mg/Al=5的LDH-F为催化剂，H2O2和苯甲腈为氧化剂对不同官能团化烯烃进行环氧化反应，结果表明，此催化体系具有良好的催化性能，在苯乙烯、茚、丙烯醇和烯丙基氯环氧化反应中转化率和选择性均在95%以上。

Based on the analysis of bibliographer and evaluation of the principles of different processes, the novel process for synthesis of the new type of polyheterocyclic disperse dyestuff , unsymmetrical benzodifuranones and its intermediates was studied in the dissertation.

论文在查阅国内外有关文献基础上，对不对称苯并二呋喃酮系新型稠杂环分散染料的分子设计、应用特性及研究进展作了概述，对此类稠杂环分散染料及其中间体的合成路线和方法作了综合评述。

Among the special nine pollutants, however, eight of them, including Hexachlorobenzene, N-Nitrosodi-N-propylamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenol, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, 4,4'-DDT and Heptachlor were in need of concern while another chemical: dibenzanthracene be of special concern. The sources of these chemicals were discussed and some control strategies were suggested based on the risk assessment.

结果表明，有18种有机污染物超过了USEPA的标准浓度要求，其中9种物质具有一定的生态风险，其中六氯苯、N-亚硝基二正丙胺、3，3'-二氯联苯胺、2，4，6-三氯酚、五氯酚、茚并(1，2，3-cd)芘、4，4'-滴滴涕、七氯在内的8种化合物具有一定的风险，而多环芳烃二苯并蒽需要引起更高警惕；在此基础上探讨了这些化合物的来源及作用，并提出了相应的防治建议。

Alkylbenzene, normal alkanes and alkylcyclohexane on the pyrolysates of P. Boryanum at 300℃ had uniform distribution and the relative content of them was similar, indicating that they originated from same precursors. Fatty acids, alcohol and ketone in algal cell are the possible precursors. For example, the precursor of relatively abundant C〓 alkylbenzene and alkylbenzene with C〓 side chain perhaps related with palmitic acid. N-alkylnaphthalene in pyrolysates at 300℃ probably derived from alkylation of cleavage products of aromatic steranes and terpanes.

在盘星藻300℃热解产物中，烷基苯、正烷烃和烷基环己烷碳数分布一致、各化合物的相对含量接近，表明它们有相同的来源，藻类体内的脂肪酸、醇和酮及细胞壁等物质可能是其母质，相对含量较高的碳数为16及侧链碳数为16的烷基苯类化合物，其前身物可能与软脂酸有关。300℃热解产物中的正烷基萘类化合物，可能由芳香甾、萜类的降解产物与直链烃类加成烷基化而形成。

Examples of metal chelating groups include hydroxides especially aryl or heteroaryl hydroxides such as phenolic hydroxides; amines which may be aliphatic aryl or heteroaryl; mercaptans which may be aliphatic aryl or heteroaryl; carboxylic acids which may be aliphatic aryl or heteroaryl; oximes and ketoximines; acetarylamides; hydroxy silanes and silicones; N-containing heterocycles such as imidazoles benzimidazoles triazoles benzotriazoles thiazoles isothiazoles acid anhydrides and more preferably acid groups (especially carboxylic acid groups phosphoric acid groups polyphosphoric acid groups phosphonic acid groups sulphuric acid groups and sulphonic acid groups).

金属螯合组的例子包括氢氧化物，特别是芳基或如酚醛氢氧化物杂氢氧化物；胺可能是脂肪族，芳基或杂；硫醇可能是脂肪族，芳基或杂，这可能是脂肪族，芳基或羧酸杂；肟和ketoximines； acetarylamides；羟基硅烷和有机硅，含N，如咪唑，苯并咪唑类，三唑类，苯并三氮唑，噻唑类，isothiazoles，酸酐杂环，多最好酸组（特别是羧酸团体，磷酸，团体，多聚酸组，膦酸组，硫酸团体和磺酸组）。

In this dissertation, preparation of polysubstituted ethene and heterocyclic compounds based on 2-hydroxyalkyl phenyl selenides andα-phenylselenopropionic acid reagents were further investigated as follow: Firstly, O-ethyl-O-vinyl phosphonates were prepared in a one-pot, two-step transformation by Mitsunobu reaction of 2-hydroxyalkyl phenyl selenides with monoethyl esters of phosphonic acid in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenyl phosphine (PPh3) followed by oxidation-eliminatio...

中文摘要：本文主要进一步探索了2-羟基烷基苯基硒醚、α-苯硒基丙酸试剂在制备多取代乙烯和杂环化合物反应中的应用，具体研究内容和结果如下：一、在偶氮二羧酸乙酯和三苯膦(PPh3)存在下，苯基-2-羟基烷基硒醚和O-乙基膦酸单酯发生Mitsunobu反应，无需分离和纯化反应中间体，直接使用30 %的双氧水进行氧化-消除反应，提供了&两步、一锅&合成O-乙基-O-乙烯基膦酸酯的新方法，该方法反应条件温和，操作简便，产物收率良好(76-82 %)。

The novel molecular topological index was recommendedrelating to such atomic properties as electronegativity,electron number of valence shell,number of bonding electrons,the main quantum number of valence shell and bond length.

采用该拓扑指数对饱和烷烃、烷基苯、烷氧氯硅烷、卤代苯、含氮杂环化合物、碱金属卤化物及卤化锡的性质/活性进行了相关关系的研究。

The electrochemical behavior on tetramethylquinone in n-butylpyridini-um chloride-aluminum chloride, a room temperature molten salt , is dependent on theacidity of this melt.

四甲基苯醌在氯化正丁基吡啶－AlCl＿3室温熔盐中的电化学行为，和室温熔盐的酸碱度有关，在碱性熔盐中，四甲基苯醌以不络合的形式存在，电极上的还原过程是一个ECE过程；在酸性熔盐中，形成络合物TQ（AlCl＿3）＿m，络合数m为1，2，3，随熔盐酸度变化，此外，醌类物质芳香环上的取代基，也影响其电化学性质。

Group A = atmospheres containing acetylene; Group B = atmospheres containing hydrogen; Group C = atmosphere containing ethyl-ether vapors, ethylene, or cyclopropane; Group D = atmospheres containing gasoline, hexane, naphtha, benzene, butane, propane, alcohol, acetone, benzol, lacquer, solvent vapors or natural gas.

组A =大气中含有乙炔；组B =大气中含有氢；组C =大气中含有乙醚蒸汽，乙烯，或环丙烷；组D =大气中含有汽油，乙烷，石脑油，苯，丁烷，丙烷，酒精，丙酮，不纯苯，漆，溶剂蒸汽，或天然气。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。