苯环

This study monitored some important molecular ecotoxicological indicators of fish intoxicated by benzo pyrene.

通过测定典型的多环芳烃类物质苯并芘致毒后鱼体内几种重要分子生态毒理学指标的变化，来反映苯并芘致毒对鱼体的影响。

A bacterial strain using phenol, benzoate, naphthalene, biphenyl and benzothiophene as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated from waste sludge and was identified as Rhodococcus sp. strain DF51 according to morphological, physiological and its 16S rRNA gene sequence.

从太原市郊苯酚污染的土样中分离到一株能以苯酚、苯甲酸、萘、联苯和苯并噻吩为唯一碳源和能源生长，并且具有同时分解单环和双环芳香类物质能力的菌株，经生理生化和16S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定为红球菌DF51Rhodococcus sp。

Various alcohols are tolerable under the present conditions including benzylic alcohols,allylic alcohols as well as simple aliphatic alcohols.

醇的范围非常广，二苯甲醇、1-苯乙醇、烯丙醇衍生物等含苄醇结构的地物能够以最高接近定量的产率得到产物。普通烷基醇如环己醇，甚至最简单的甲醇和乙醇也能顺利反应，产率中等。

Moreover,the selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds with the multinuclear copper complexes Cul-Cu4 as catalysts have been conducted using TBHP and O_2/TEMPO,respectively.Among them,the copper complex Cu3 showed the best performance.On the performances of the two classes of oxidants,benzylic and heterocyclic alcohols could be effectively oxidized to carbonyl compounds.Specifically,the secondary alcohols could be effectively oxidized to ketones with excellent selectivity up to 100%in the presence of TBHP and the allylic alcohols could be effectively oxidized to aldehydes in the presence of O_2/TEMPO system.

实验结果还表明，在TBHP或O_2/TEMPO存在下，各配合物催化剂均能使各种取代芳香伯/仲醇以及杂环醇等以不同程度的转化率和选择性转化成相应的醛或酮，其中，配合物Cu3在O_2/TEMPO存在下可使苯甲醇和烯丙醇等以较高转化率和近100%的选择性转化成相应的醛，而对其它芳香醇和脂肪伯/仲醇等的催化性能则较差；在TBHP存在下，配合物Cu3则可使1-苯乙醇和其它仲醇以较高转化率和近100%的选择性转化为相应的酮，但对各类其它伯醇选择氧化的性能相对较差。

In the fifth chapter, six compounds formed between nitrogen-containing ligands such as 2, 2'-bipyridyl, isonicotinamide and 1, 4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and the solution cadmium sulfonates such as 1, 5-naphthalenedisulfonate, 2, 6-naphthalenedisulfonate, 4, 4'-bipenyldisulfonate and 4, 4'-penyletherdisulfonate have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Besides, another compound has been synthesized with cadmium carbonate reacting with 1, 5-naphthalenedisulfonate acid.

第五章以2，2'-联吡啶、异烟酰胺和1，4，8，11-四氮杂环十四癸烷与含有Cd〓和1，5-萘二磺酸根离子、2，6-萘二磺酸根离子、4，4'-联苯二磺酸根离子和4，4'-苯醚二磺酸根离子的水溶液反应，合成了六个化合物，另外以1，5-萘二磺酸与碳酸镉反应合成出一个化合物。

Optically active cyclophane s, such as helical molecules and three-dimensional, cagelike cyclophanes have been the subject of extensive investigation from the standpoints of structural chemistry and material science.

本论文在大量的文献调研和本实验室过去研究结果的基础上，设计了由2，2'-二取代-1，1'-联萘和2，6-二取代吡啶，1，4-二取代苯，4，4'-二取代联苯三种不同连接桥通过炔键链接构筑的拓扑有趣的光学活性环芳化合物-四联萘笼状分子。

The use of benzazepin-N-acetic acid derivatives which contain an oxo group in the a position to the nitrogen atom and are substituted in the 3 position by a 1--cyclopentyl-carbonyl-amino radical, and of their salts and biolabile esters, for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of heart damage caused by cardiotoxic doses of medicaments or chemicals, in larger mammals and in particular humans.

本发明涉及苯并氮杂∴－N－乙酸衍生物及其盐和生物不稳定的酯的应用，其中苯并氮杂∴－N－乙酸衍生物在氮原子的α位置含有氧代基，且在3－位置上被1－－环戊基－羰基－氨基残基取代，用于预防和/或治疗大的哺乳动物和特别是人体的心脏损伤，其中心脏损伤是由心脏中毒剂量的药物或化学品引起的。

The recoveries of seawater and sediment are :naphthalene 73. 0% and 75. 3%, phenanthrene79. 2%and78. 0%, fluoranthene 88. 1% and 80. 7%, pyrene 73. 8% and 70. 2%, chrysene 77. 6% and 72. 8%, benzofluoranthene 87. 6% and 83.6%, benzo pyrene 120. 3% and 110. 0%, respectively.

通过对7种多环芳烃标准样品的高效液相色谱法的定性、定量分析，结果表明，该方法可有效分离PAHs，回收率较高，海水和沉积物中的回收率分别为：萘73.0％和75.3％，菲79.2％和78.0％，荧蒽88.1％和80.7％，芘73.8％和70.2％，屈77.6％和72.8％，苯并荧蒽87.6％和83.6％，苯并芘120.3％和110.0％。

Results: The 12 kinds of toxicants including methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, butyl acetate, p-dimethylbenzene, m-dimethylbenzene, o-dimethylbenzene, n-butanol, cinnamene and cyclohexanone were separated well. Good linear relationship sensitivity and reproducibility were obtained and detection limits (S/N=3) of them were 0.2 mg/l respectively. Conclusion: In this paper, a new method for simultaneous determination of 12 kinds of toxicants by using gas chromatography has been described.

结果：对乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、苯、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、正丁醇、苯乙烯、环己酮12种有毒物质的分离效果好，线性和重现性均较好，方法的检测限达到0.2 mg/L。

This work, concentrated on the asymmetric allylation of aldehydes controlled by different chiral auxiliaries prepared from rotational pure tartaric acid, can be divided into three parts.The first part aims to review the developments of chiral drugs and asymmetric synthesis, from which derived the present research topic backgrounds and works.Synthesis and applications of allylation from aldehydes are the second part of the thesis. By optimizing the reaction conditions, such as solvents, temperature, time and chiral auxiliaries like N,N\'-dibenzyl tartamide, N,N\'-p-dimethylphenyl tartamide, N,N\'-o-dimethylphenyl tartamide, N,N\'-o-dichlorophenyl tartamide, N,N\'-a-dinaphyl tartamide, N,N\'-dicyclohexyl tartamide and N,N\'-diphenyl tartamide, ideal experimenttal conditions are obtained according to HPLC monitoring, as well as the auxiliaries\' recoveries experiments. Starting from benzaldehyde and 3-bromopropaldehyde, N,N\'-dibenzyl tartamide is considered the best auxiliary in this reaction.

本文介绍了醛的不对称烯丙基化反应，以光学纯酒石酸为原料，研究了不同构型手性配体在醛的烯丙基化反应中的立体选择性，全文共分三部分十个章节：第一部分对当前手性药物和手性技术进行了概述，并由此展开了本文的研究背景和任务；第二部分为有机合成部分，对醛的不对称烯丙基化反应进行了深入探讨，以苯甲醛为原料对反应条件进行优化，在优化的反应条件下对制备的七种可回收手性酰胺配体(N-苄基酒石酸二酰胺、N-对甲苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-邻甲苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-邻氯苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-a-萘基酒石酸二酰胺、N-环己基酒石酸二酰胺和N-苯基酒石酸二酰胺)进行筛选，优化配体回收实验条件，最终确定出N-苄基酒石酸二酰胺在苯甲醛的不对称烯丙基化反应中具有较大优越性，结晶回收的手性配体光学纯度保持不变。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。