苯基的

Because of different twist angle between the arene and aryl-bipyridine, Ppbpy displayed intermixing behaviors of local excited state (1La and 1Lb) and intramolecular charge transfer, but Apbpy only showed the properties of local excited state 1La.

由于芘和蒽与6－苯基-2， 2'-联吡啶间的夹角不同，Ppbpy的激发态具有原位激发态(1La and 1Lb)和分子内电荷转移的性质，而Apbpy的激发态仅仅表现出原位激发态1La 的性质。

Based on the addition of vinyl magnesium bromide to the chiral non-racemic synthon 2 derived from-1, an enantioselective total synthesis of-3, the antipode of marine alkaloid halitulin 10 steps, overall yield: 5.3% from (R-1 was achieved using aza-Claisen rearrangement as a key step.

取得的主要结果如下：一、从-苯基甘氨醇1出发，通过已知的哌啶手性合成砌块2的加成反应，建立了经aza-Claisen重排反应进行海洋生物碱halitulin手性分子片断的对映体--isohaliclorensin 3不对称合成的路线。

In order to probe the existence of nonthermal microwave effects, four synthetic transformations (Diels-Alder cycloaddition, alkylation of triphenylphosphine and 1,2,4-triazole, direct amide bond formation) were reevaluated under both microwave dielectric heating and conventional thermal heating.

为了探测非能微波效应的存在，四种合成转化反应（Diels-Alder环加成、三苯基膦和1，2，4-三唑的烷基化、酰胺键的直接合成）在微波介电加热和传统热加热两种情况下的重新评价。

In addition, we found that 4-phenyl-l,2,4-triazolinium N-ylides reacted withvarious electron-deficient olefins to afford pyrrole derivatives in good yields via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition oxidative ring fission, In some cases, tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-b]triazole and pyrrolo[1,2-b]triazole, which are stable and are not aromatized orcleaved in the reaction conditions, could be isolated, This is a facile and novel route forthe synthesis of pyrrole derivatives.

此外，本文研究了五员三氮杂环化合物4-苯基1，2，4-三氮唑的N-叶立德，发现在氧化剂存在下与缺电子烯烃发生1，3-偶极环加成反应生成的吡咯并[1，2-b]三氮唑，在大多数情况下开环生成吡咯衍生物，反应条件温和，收率良好，是合成吡咯衍生物的一个新的途径。

Besides, n-butyl and sec-butyl tosylate that are difficult for oxidative addition can react with phenylmagnesium bromide to form corresponding cross-coupling products. Primary alkyl halide which contains β-hydrogen and is relatively hard to undergo the reaction , n-butyl chloride for instance, can react with aryl Grignard reagents in the presence of NiB alloy as well.

此外，难以进行氧化加成的对甲苯磺酸正丁酯和对甲苯磺酸仲丁酯可以与苯基溴化镁作用生成相应的交叉偶联产物；反应相对困难的含β-H的伯卤烷，如：正氯丁烷也可以在NiB催化下与芳基格氏试剂发生偶联。

To improve the nonlinear optical property and stability of azo-dye chromophore, the nonlinear optical polyimide attached with azo chromophore side-chain is synthesized by diazo coupling reaction of 4-nitrohenzediazonium tetrafloroborate.

为了提高材料的非线性光学性能和偶氮染料发色团的稳定性能，通过对－稍基苯基重氮氟硼酸盐的重氮偶合反应，合成了侧链含偶氮非线性光学活性基团的聚酰亚胺材料，幷用红外光谱对其进行了结构表徵。

To dye the different types of fibers by the same dye, universal dyes based on naphthalene ring system are prepared by the diazo coupling reaction of 7-acetamide-4-hydroxy-2-oaphtialene-β-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)solfonamide and m-aminobenzene-β-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfunate.

为了实现用同一支染料对不同类型的纤维进行染色的目的，通过间氨基苯基－β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯与7-乙酰氨基－4-羟基－2-萘－β磺酰胺的重氮化偶合反应合成了含萘环的通用染料，其结构通过质谱分析进行了表征。

The apparent electrochemical rate constant kobs of Azo SAM decreases with increasing assembling time that is attributed to increasing packing-density of Azo in the monolayer.The close packed structures in Azo SAM restrict the conformation change of azobenzene units in the film so that it leads to a decrease of its electrochemical activity.

Azo自组装膜的电化学反应表观速率常数kobs随组装时间的延长而明显减小，反映出自组装膜的排列随时间延长而趋于更加致密，从而抑制了偶氮苯基团的电化学诱导构型转化，降低了其电活性。

The method is based on the CL reaction of dichlorvos with luminolH2O2in the alkaline medium and sensitized by the nonionic surfaceactive agent polyoxyethyle octyl phenyl ether.

研究了农药敌敌畏在碱性介质中与鲁米诺过氧化氢产生化学发光的特性，发现非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚对该反应有明显的增敏作用，建立了鲁米诺过氧化氢OP体系测定敌敌畏的流动注射化学发光的新方法。

On the contrary, the existence of electron-donating groups on the benzene ring would prolong reaction times and decrease the yields.

使用苯胺为反应底物考察了各因素的影响，在优化的反应条件下，苯胺的转化率可达到99.7％，N-甲基-N-苯基氨基甲酸甲酯的收率为83.2％。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。