苦味

Aromatic herb of temperate Eurasia and North Africa having a bitter taste used in making the liqueur absinthe.

欧亚和北非温带地区的一种芳香的草本植物，有苦味，可用于做苦艾酒。

In this case, denatonium would depolarize taste cells by removing the camp block of the cation channels, allowing influx of cations. Denatonium has also been shown to activate PLC, presumably by activating a Gq-like G protein.

研究人员发现在味蛋白缺陷（gustducin-knockout）的小鼠仍能感受某些苦味物质[7]，进一步研究发现味觉细胞的胞膜上存在能识别苦味的苦味受体（TAS2Rs或T2Rs）[8-11]。

Another mechanism for bitter transduction involves direct block of apically located K+ channels by quinine and divalent salts.

这将有助于苦味抑制剂的研究，为苦味抑制的研究提供理论依据和研究思路。

Bitterness is a universally distributing kind of gustatory sense.

苦味是分布广泛的味感，人们对苦味的分离阈是极低的。

Modern medicine confirmed that the B-Kudingcha acid-containing resin alcohol,蛇麻lipid alcohol, wood Kok,桷Paper-natural selenium-containing amino acids, such as more than 250 kinds of health medicinal substances, for its flavonoid content This tea味苦, sexual-ping, is the bitter food treasures (Fresh Five, are beneficial to the human body, generally at least to the bitter water, and its role is great).

现代医学证实，苦丁茶内含果酸B—香树脂醇、蛇麻脂醇、木角、桷皮素、天然硒化含物、氨基酸等250多种保健药用物质，其黄酮含量为绿茶的1.6~14.7倍，而咖啡碱含量仅为绿茶的1%。本茶味苦、性平，是苦味食品中的珍品（人食五味，皆有益于人体，一般以苦味食之最少，而其作用却很大）。

In this way, about 50% of the naringin in orange juice can be degraded and about 20% of naringin in lemon juice can be degraded.But mainly bitter in citrus juice is limonin.

虽然能较好的降解柚皮苷，但是对苦味的影响不大，主要是因为柑桔汁中对苦味影响较大的是柠檬苦素。

Limonin and Naringin are the main bitters in citrus juice,so the citrus juice may become bitter.

柠檬苦素和柚皮苷等物质是柑橘类果汁中主要的苦味物质，果汁中因含有这类物质而具有苦味，因而会明显降低柑橘类果汁的口感和品质。

Limonin and Naringin are the main bitters in citrus juice, so the citrus juice may become bitter. And they can decrease the quality of citrus juice.

柠檬苦素和抽皮苷等物质是柑橘类果汁中主要的苦味物质，果汁中因含有这类物质而具有苦味，因而会明显降低柑橘类果汁的口感和品质。

according to the mechanism of bitter formation, the bitter taste masking technology is classified into different sorts from different taches that disturb the bitterness formation, include adding the taste correcting substance to confuse the cerebral taste; staving or preventing the drug releasing in mouth and segregating the contact between drug and taste buds; anesthetizing the taste cell to enhance the threshold of bitter taking; preventing bitter taste receptor combining with bitter blocker, cutting off the signal transduction pathways etc.summerize the methods of taste masking technology,besides,describe the method's advantages and disadvantages, and the technology of preparation.provide academic direction for the reasonable use of bitterness taste masking.

依据苦味形成机理，从干扰苦味形成的不同环节将中药苦味掩味技术分为添加矫味剂，混淆大脑味觉掩盖药物苦味；延缓或阻止药物在口腔释放，隔离药物和味蕾的接触；麻痹味觉细胞，提高苦味感受阈值；阻止苦味受体与苦味剂的结合，切断信号传导掩盖苦味等4类，综述掩盖中药苦味的方法，并简述各方法的优缺点和制备技术，为合理应用苦味掩味技术提供理论指导。

The effect of adaptation to bitter substances (e.g., caffeine, quinine) can elicit or potentiate a sweet taste from water; adaptation to sweet substances (sucrose, fructose, and saccharin) results in a sour and bitter taste from water; adaptation to salts potentiates sour, sweet, and some bitter water tastes; and a sour adapting solution (e.g., citric acid) can produce a sweet water taste.

对苦味物质的适应影响可以引起或加强水的甜味。甜味物质的适应会引发水中的酸味和苦味。对咸味的适应会让水尝起来有酸味，甜味和一些苦味。对酸味的适应会让水尝起来甜。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。