苦

Historically, extensive hydrologic connectivity among populations might have facilitated long-distance gene flow and resulted in the pattern of genetic variation revealed in this study, and also played great roles in population dynamics and population persistence of V. spinulosa in this region.

长江中下游湖泊与长江干流历史上高的连通性对刺苦草在这一区域的遗传多样性水平和遗传结构形成起了重要的作用；同时，历史上的江湖一体化格局也促进了刺苦草在这一区域的种群扩散和维持。

Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the co-existence of V. spinulosa and V.

刺苦草和苦草在这些湖泊中常常混生，形成带状相间分布格局。

In order to investigate the effects of different shading levels (Shading levels were: control 0, 50%, 80%, 90%) on the trade-off relations between sexual reproduction and clonal multiplication of Vallisneria spinulosa, a natural greenhouse experiment was carried out by winter tuber of Vallisneria spinulosa being collected from Poyang Lake in the Jiangxi Province.

以采自江西鄱阳湖的刺苦草冬芽为实验材料，在自然温室中经历了全不遮阳、部分遮阳等4种处理，研究不同遮阳处理产生的光线差异对刺苦草的有性繁殖和无性繁殖方式的资源配制的影响。

Result The optimum conditions of determining three medicinal bioactive components in different parts of Swertia franchetiana H.

方法］采用反相高效液相色谱法，测定抱茎獐牙菜中不同部位獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷及芒果苷的含量。

Tanha likes sukha and doesn't like dukkha; so to eliminate tanha there is only one way: the Vipassana wisdom that realizes dukkha.

贪爱会喜欢乐而不喜欢苦。因此要断除贪爱的唯一方法就是：用实相般若去体证苦。

These results indicated that the seedlings of Vallisneria natans were adapted to low intensity which ranged from 7.1% to 43.3% of natural light intensity.

这表明苦草幼苗有一定的低光适应能力，光强范围大约是7.1%~43.3%，为在浑浊水体中恢复、重建苦草种群提供了一定的实验依据。

The seedlings of Vallisneria natans were also restrained in the control where underwater light intensity was more than 43.3% of natural light intensity, but the seedlings grew well in the water at turbidity of 30NTU where underwater light intensity was more than 7.1%.

在对照水体中，水下的光强为水面光强的43.3%以上，苦草幼苗也受到抑制；而在水下光强≥7.1%的30NTU水体中，苦草幼苗有较高的光能利用率，幼苗生长较好。

Based on the pot experiments ,effects of Dibutyl phthalatepollution on contents of solubility carbohydrate ,MDA, blade pigment, protein, glutathione and amino acid of Vallisneria s piralisL were s tudied during a long p eriod of 25 days .

在本实验浓度范围内，苦草对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯有一定的适应能力，DBP污染对苦草丙二醛和可溶性糖含量以及叶片中叶绿素含量的影响比较相似都有一定的起伏。

Seedlings of Vallisneria natans were planted in waters with different turbidities of 30 NTU, 60 NTU and 90 NTU. Such turbidities were made by mud and sand particles below 100μm in diameter. Photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics were measured by a developed submersible pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometer, Diving-PAM.

用粒径小于100μm的泥沙分别配置浊度为30、60和90NTU的浑浊水体，将苦草幼苗种植于上述水体中，测定幼苗的叶片长和叶片数，并利用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪测定幼苗的光合荧光特性，研究在不同浊度水体中水下光强对苦草幼苗生长的影响。

The anatomical structure of root, content of nitrogen and phosphrous, and the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase of Vallisneria spirolis in oligotropher, mesotropher, eutropher and hypertrophic solutions were investigated with static experiments.

为了解水体富营养化对苦草的胁迫作用，通过静态模拟试验，比较了不同营养水平（贫营养、中营养、富营养、重富营养）培养的苦草根的组织解剖结构、植株氮、磷含量和3种抗氧化酶(POD、SOD、CAT)活性变化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。