苞鳞

Bract scale The structure found in large numbers in the female cone of gymnosperms, each bearing an ovuliferous scale in its axil.

苞鳞：在裸子植物的雌球果中大量存在的结构，每个苞鳞都包含一个珠鳞。

Flowering branchlet spicate, to 11 cm, subtended by 3–5 scaly bracts gradually larger; spathes 5–7, glabrous or pilose on one flank, oral setae sometimes weakly developed; blade narrowly lanceolate to subulate.

花小枝穗状，对11厘米，逐渐到3-5 有鳞的苞片被包着得更大；佛焰苞5-7，无毛或具柔毛在一侧面，发育不良的有时口头的刚毛上；叶片狭披针形的到钻形。

Bracteoles and sepals 7-11(-17), imbricate; outer 2-5(or 6) bracteoles and sepals caducous after anthesis.

小苞片和萼片7-11(-17)，成鳞状；外部2-5(或6)小苞片和萼片早落的在花后。

Cupule bracts imbricate or ± spirally arranged basal bracts usually united into 3 or 4 concentric rings and obscure in L.

Cupule 苞成鳞状或者螺旋状排列的±基本苞通常合并成3或4 同心戒指和偏僻在L。

Inflorescences aggregations of sessile florets in spikelets or pseudospikelets, branching absent to compound, bracteate or ebracteate; spikelets prophyllate or not, glumes often poorly distinguished from basal bracts and lemmas, not subtending viable buds or branches, or in pseudospikelets subtending axillary buds capable of partial or extensive spikelet ramification; lodicules absent to very many, usually 3, usually ciliate, veined, posterior lodicule usually narrower than anterior pair.

花序(更多的correctlysynflorescences)集中的无梗小穗或复合的分枝无到，pseudospikelets小花，或无苞片；小穗先出叶与否，从基部的苞片和外稃卓越的不好的颖片通常，通常，许多的鳞被无到，通常具缘毛，，通常比前面对狭窄的后唇瓣鳞被。

Botany A small, thin, usually dry, often appressed plant structure, such as any of the protective leaves that cover a tree bud or the bract that subtends a flower in a sedge spikelet.

鳞苞：一种小而薄的，通常是干的紧贴植物结构，如任一种覆盖树苞的保护性叶片或莎草属植物的小穗中包住花朵的苞片

Reduction of ovule number as a tendency of speciation in the genus is substantiated by the occurrence of tri_ovulate cones coupled with comprehensive characters of the genus. The metamorphic patterns as well as the leaf nature of the outer envelope indicate that female cones of Ephedra are compound while the female reproductive units of the ovulate cone have been reduced from secondary reproductive shoots similar to those of cordaites by phylogenetic transformation, fusion and reduction. Each fertile bract together with its axillary female reproductive unit composed the Bract Scale and Seed Scale Complex of Ephedra .

基于返祖性畸形三胚珠球花的出现及其他形态特征，认为麻黄属胚珠数目减少是该属内物种特化的一个趋势；利用雌球花发育的畸形现象及外珠被的形态学本质提出麻黄属的雌球果为复轴性构造，雌性生殖单位是由类似于科达类的次级生殖枝构造经系统发育变态、融合、简化成现存的生胚珠构造式样，每一可育苞片及其腋内雌性生殖单位共同组成了麻黄属的苞鳞_种鳞复合体。

According to Bract Scale and Seed Scale Complex theory and the observation results in this experiment, the author considers that the Gnetum genus belongs to the evolvement line ofBSSC. and is more closer to conifers than other seed plant.

根据苞鳞-种鳞复合体理论，结合本文的观察结果，作者认为买麻藤属植物是苞鳞-种鳞复合体演化线上的成员，与松杉类植物的关系比较近。

For example,the spiral arrangement of scale－bract complexes on ovule－bearing pine cones,where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located,is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone's su***ces,thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next.

例如，带有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，对于气流模式的形成与产生殊为重要，而这些气流模式在松球的表现盘旋上升，从而把在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞传播至下一个鳞苞。

For example,the spiral arrangement of scale－bract complexes on ovule－bearing pine cones,where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located,is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cones surfaces,thereby passing airborne pollenfrom one scale to the next.

例如，带有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，对于气流模式的形成与产生殊为重要，而这些气流模式在松球的表现盘旋上升，从而把在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞传播至下一个鳞苞。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。