苞

Leaves scale-like; inflorescence cymose; bracts and bracteoles very small and scale-like.

叶鳞片状；花序聚伞状；苞片和小苞片很小和鳞片状。 16 T 。 psilotoides 白云百蕊草

Umbels simple or compound; peduncles racemous, cymous or corymbose-branched; bracts foliaceous, usually serrate; bracteoles small, entire, rarely lobed; umbellules with both sessile or subsessile, bisexual flowers and pedicellate, staminate flowers.

伞形花序单生或复合；花序梗小总状花序，聚伞花序的或伞房状分枝；苞片叶状，通常使成锯齿波；小苞片小，全缘，很少有裂；有两无柄或近无柄的小伞形花序，两性花和有花梗，雄花。

The litterfall P use efficiency was the highest and increased with increasing density, implying that P could be a limiting factor for the growth and regeneration of F. denudate.

缺苞箭竹P的养分利用效率随密度的增大而增高，表明P可能是缺苞箭竹生长更新的限制因子。

The peaks of litterfall production and nutrients return at the three densities were appeared in October (by the end of F. denudate growth season), and another peak at D3 was observed in August.

除高密度(D3)缺苞箭竹在8月有一个凋落与养分归还小峰外，10月生长季末是各密度缺苞箭竹凋落及养分归还高峰期。

Leaves alternate. Cymes becoming racemelike after anthesis, ebracteate or rarely with few bracts.

叶互生 聚伞花序成为总状花序状的在花后，无苞片的或很少用很少苞。

Filaments usually not spurred apically; pedicel with a small, basal bract 1--2 mm or ebracteate.

顶部的通常的花丝并非距；有小，基本的苞1的花梗--2毫米或无苞片。

Dioecious monoecious, reproductive structures axillary, solitary. Pollen cones pedicellate, globose, with overlapping bracts at base; microsporophylls 6-14, shield-shaped, each with 4-9 radially arranged pollen sacs. Seed-bearing structures subsessile, with several overlapping bracts basically. Ovule erected, entrusted with disc-like embryophore. After fertilization, embryophore developed into fleshy, cup-like and red aril.

雌雄异株，球花单生于叶腋，有短柄；雄球花圆球形，基部覆瓦状排列的苞片，雄蕊6-14枚，盾状，花药4-9丝，辐射状排列；雌球花几乎无柄，基部有多数覆瓦状排列的苞片，胚珠直立，基部托以圆盘状的珠托，受精后珠托发育成肉质、杯状、红色的假种皮。

Plants 50–80 cm; bracts usually 4; bracteoles 5, equaling or slightly exceeding the flowers.

植株50-80厘米；通常的苞片4；小苞片5，等于或者稍微地超过花。

Flowers reflexed or spreading, perfect, with 3 bracts; midvein of bracteoles spiny, long, excurrent.

花反折的或开展，完全，具3苞片；小苞片中脉多刺，长，延伸。

Pedicels to 1 cm, not exserted from spathes; spathes 1-flowered.

花梗给1厘米，并非从佛焰苞外露；佛焰苞1花。

John Robbins lives with his family in Santa Cruz, California.

约翰罗宾和家人居住在加利福尼亚州的圣克鲁斯县。

The international background is mainly the economic ties among different nations tented to be widen and deepen at the peace and development times.

国际背景主要是和平与发展时代条件下的世界各国经济贸易联系的日益加深。