苗间

For BPH biotype Bangladesh, the interaction between seedling stage and nitrogen fertilizer was significant, and for BPH biotypeⅡ, the interaction between two factors was not significant.

但苗龄和施氮量间对褐飞虱孟加拉型的抗性存在明显的互作效应，而对生物型Ⅱ的抗性互作效应不显著。

By taking one-year-old micropropagated K2, K3 and ordinary duplation black locust as study objects, the difference in drought resistance abilities among three clones were evaluated under stimulant natural drought and gradual drought of soil.

本实验设置了模拟自然干旱和土壤逐渐干旱两种处理，以普通二倍体刺槐为对照，研究了三个品种的一年生组培苗间与抗旱性相关的生理生化指标的差异。

So,the genetic distance could be used for the choice ofparents and for the heterosis prediction in cross breeding of Liriodendron.

因此，花粉品质、杂交亲和力和一般配合力应作为亲本选配的重要依据；基于RAPD标记的亲本间遗传距离与子代1年生苗高和地径生长量均表现为二次曲线相关，复相关系数分别为0.8235和0.5090，达极显著(H，P＜0.01)和显著(GLD，P＜0.05)程度，说明利用亲本间遗传距离进行鹅掌楸亲本选配和杂种优势预测是可行的。

At last, the authors emphasized that it was necessary to research the interactions between arbuscular mycorrhzas, environmental control and physiological status and quality of micropropagated plantlet, also indicated that the integration of two methods was effective approach to solve that problems.

最后，作者认为深入研究丛枝菌根、环境因子控制和组培苗生理状态和品质间的互作关系是非常必要的，并指出两项技术的结合将是解决组培苗生理状态和品质差问题的有效途径。

Heddewigii, Dianthus barbatus L, Dianthus latifolius, Dianthus caryophyllus and Dianthus chinensis var. liaotungensis, with relatively high fructification rates and certain traffic tolerance, showed little difference in ecological adaptability and exhibited an average seedling height of 20cm and a mean crown size of 23cm, and pruning during the late growth period could obviously promote flowering and reduce the seedling height by 3cm. While Dianthus barbatus L. and Dianthus phlox subulata, with relatively low fructification rates and higher traffic tolerance, had an unobvious difference in ecological adaptability, which present an average seedling height of 14cm and a mean crown size of 36cm, and pruning during the late growth period could promote flowering to some extent and reduce the seedling height by 2cm.

其中，大红石竹、锦团石竹、五彩石竹、五寸石竹、浓香石竹、重瓣石竹品种间差异小，平均苗高20cm，冠幅23cm，结实率相对高，有一定耐践踏能力，在生长后期进行修剪能很好的促进开花并降低株高3cm；常夏石竹和美国地被石竹品种间差异小，平均苗高14cm，冠幅36cm，结实率低，耐践踏能力稍强，在生长后期进行修剪能较好地促进开花并降低株高2cm。

The results showed that either higher or lower parasitic density of glochidia, either longer or shorter parasitic time, the quantity of glochidia infested on yellow catfish and grass carp was obviously higher than that on silver carp, bighead and crucian carp.

结果表明：无论高密度寄苗还足低密度寄苗，长时间奇苗还是短时间寄苗，黄颡鱼和草鱼的寄苗量都明显高于鲢、鳙和鲫。

The quantity of glochidia infested on hosts increased significantly with the increasing of the parasitic density; while no obvious change exhibited when parasitic time increased.

结果表明：无论高密度寄苗还是低密度寄苗，长时间寄苗还是短时间寄苗，黄颡鱼和草鱼的寄苗量都明显高于鲢、鳙和鲫。

Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

Notably,we also found that anti-CTLA4 can wellsynergize with B7-expressing tumor vaccines.This result is different with that ofHurwitz et al obtained from a similar research in 1998,in which they found thatanti-CTLA4 can not synergize with B7-expressing tumor vaccines.

值得注意的是，在我们的实验中发现anti-muCTLA4抗体与B7瘤苗联合治疗小鼠肿瘤具有很好的协同效应，这与1998年Hurwitz等在类似的研究中所得出的结论不同，即他们认为anti-muCTLA4抗体与B7瘤苗间没有协同抗小鼠肿瘤作用。

It was confirmed that facultative apomixes is existed in coffee species based on emasculating treatment, cyto-genetic observe and SSR marker detection.

细胞遗传学观察发现咖啡四倍体类型材料(2n=4x=44)的多胚和多胚苗中含有天然的单倍体胚和单倍体小苗(2n=2X=22)；去雄处理后，可见子房膨大，其中5份材料获得了果实和种子，初步说明无融合生殖现象的存在；对小粒种品种间杂交F1代个体的SSR分析，发现多胚苗中存在与母本图谱相同且不携带父本特异带的后代以及携带双亲特异带的有性后代，表明子代有仅来自母本的无融合生殖个体分离出来。 3 建立了咖啡无融合生殖的分子鉴别方法。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。