芽细胞

The inhibition of coleoptile elongation is alleviated when exogenous auxin was added to the medium under the low concentrations of Cu2+ stress. However, under high concentrations of Cu2+ stress, as the toxicity is so much, exogenous auxin is not available any further.

小麦胚芽鞘的生长只表现为细胞的伸长，原理为生长素作用的结果，外加生长素，发现生长素缓解了重金属铜对胚芽鞘伸长作用的抑制，而在高浓度时，由于毒害太大，所以无效。

The latter observation also suggests that MOC1 promotes the outgrowth of tiller buds besides its promotive effect on axillary meristem initiation and tiller bud formation. MOC1 protein belongs to the GRAS transcription factor family, with two leucine heptad repeats, a VHIID domain, and an SH2-like domain.

MOC1基因的组织原位杂交实验表明，在腋生分生组织形成之前，MOC1基因就已经在叶腋里的少数表皮或亚表皮细胞里表达，并且MOC1基因的表达伴随着腋生分生组织形态建成的整个过程；在腋生分生组织分化形成分蘖芽以后，MOC1仍然在整个分蘖芽中表达。

The RNA in situ hybridization experiments revealed that MOC1 was initially expressed in a few epidermal or subepidermal cells in the leaf axil prior to the formation of axillary meristem. The expression of MOC1 was continued during the formation process of axillary meristem. MOC1 was still expressed after axillary meristem has differentiated into tiller buds.

MOC1基因的组织原位杂交实验表明，在腋生分生组织形成之前，MOC1基因就已经在叶腋里的少数表皮或亚表皮细胞里表达，并且MOC1基因的表达伴随着腋生分生组织形态建成的整个过程；在腋生分生组织分化形成分蘖芽以后，MOC1仍然在整个分蘖芽中表达。

This paper has studied the physiological and biochemical changes during the period of forming strong buds of tree peony, and expect to provide academic basis for extending its view value and economic benefit . The main results are as the following:1 Under the field condition, Characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony are very regular. From before blooming to the prophase of abducting buds that after blooming ,that is April,May and June,the net photosynthetic rate of tree peony is higher than the other period .It indicates that this period is very important for accumulating photosynthetic products of tree peony . So, if we want to get quality flower of tree peony ,it is very important to strengthen the management of tree peony cultivation and to ensure provide the fertilizer and water.2 From the middle ten days of June, with the time elapsing and with the environment conditions worsening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony decline deeply. But it is different among different tree peony breeds. For example , cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng can also has higher net photosynthetic rate, it indicates that cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng is super than the other two tree peony breeds when adapting the environment conditions and cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng has wide prospect to extend .3 The main factors of effecting the characteristics of photosynthesis are stomatal factor and non-stomatal factor ,that is the ability of photosynthesis of leaf cells. Under the environment of high light intensity in midsummer, if overshadow tree peony properly, then it can slow the declining of chlorophyll content, and increase the net photosynthetic rate and benefit for the accumulating of photosynthetic products.4 The content of soluble sugar in the root of tree peony is the highest among different organs during the period of forming strong buds . According to analyse ,we believe that the soluble sugar will compose starch then, and provide the solid base of material for the growth and development next year. It provide us strong academic basis of adopting the method of cultivating root and protecting root under thefield environment conditions .In other words ,it will help to increase the health level of the whole plant of tree peony and will be beneficial to forming quality tree peony flower if we strengthen the management of root. 5 To tree peony, the endogenesis hormone is important for its growth and development .In the prophase ,that is about the blooming of tree peony and the mid-summer ,IAA and ZR contents are higher and GA content is lower and its changes are very little, and the content of ABA is decreasing . This indicates that IAA and ZR act the important promote function for growth and development of tree peony in this period, and the function of GA is not important. Bur in the period of anniversary senescence of tree peony , the content of IAA and ZR begin to decrease ,while the ABA content has a certain rebound .T

本研究对几个牡丹品种壮芽形成过程中的某些生理生化变化做了研究，以期了解牡丹生长发育过程中生理生化的变化规律，探讨大田栽培条件下提高牡丹花质量的栽培措施和管理技术，为提高牡丹的观赏价值和经济效益提供理论依据，结果如下：1 大田栽培条件下，牡丹光合特性在生长发育过程中表现出极强的规律性，牡丹各品种的光合速率从牡丹开花前，到牡丹花谢后的花芽诱导期前期（6月10日之前），也就是在4、5、6月份，各牡丹品种的净光合速率相对与其他时间都维持在比较高的水平，这说明，在这段时间，是牡丹光合产物积累的重要时期，因此，要保证得到高质量的牡丹花，在这段时间加强对牡丹的栽培管理，保证这个时期的肥水供应十分重要。2 从6月中旬后，随时间的推移，环境条件的恶化，牡丹的光合性能剧烈下降，但是不同牡丹品种间仍有差异，比如，乌龙捧盛仍可维持较高的光合水平，这说明了乌龙捧盛这个牡丹品种对于环境的适应性较之其他牡丹品种高，有着广泛的推广前景。3 影响牡丹光合性能的主要因子是气孔因素和非气孔因素即叶肉细胞的光合能力，在盛夏高温高光强的环境条件下，对牡丹进行适当遮荫，能缓解牡丹叶绿素水平的下降，适当提高Pn，有利于光合产物的积累。4 可溶性糖在牡丹各品种的壮芽形成过程中，根中可溶性糖的含量在牡丹各部位中始终维持最高水平，分析认为这些可溶性糖在根系中进一步合成淀粉等储藏性物质，为来年牡丹的生长提供雄厚的物质基础，这为我们在大田栽培条件下对牡丹采取养根护根的栽培措施提供了有力的理论依据，即在大田栽培条件下，加强对牡丹根系的管理，有助于提高牡丹整株的健壮程度，有益于形成高质量的牡丹花。5内源激素对牡丹的生长发育调节作用是十分明显的，在前期，即开花前后和盛夏，IAA和ZR含量维持在比较高的水平，GA含量低且变化不明显，ABA含量逐渐降低，说明了IAA和ZR对牡丹在这段时间内的生长发育起到重要的促进作用，GA的作用不是很明显，ABA可能在高温高光强下有明显的升高，也说明了ABA的确有一些促进作用，但是到了牡丹周年衰老期，IAA和ZR的含量开始下降，ABA含量却有了一定程度的反弹，说明了IAA和ZR的作用开始降低，ABA起到了促进衰老的作用

The results showed that there was a negative relationship between H2O2 content and CAT activity, thus H2O2 content was low when CAT activity was high. There was a close relationship between H2O2 content and differentiation process. H2O2 could be an important signal transduction factor during bud differentiation. IAA oxidase activity was decreased firstly, and then increased, which affected IAA oxidase and degradation pathway and regulate ratio of cytokinin and auxin. With differentiation process continuing, PPO activity was increased, which could cause browning or vitrifaction of seedling, or even malformation.

研究结果表明，鹅掌楸组培再生过程中，过氧化氢酶活性与H2O2含量变化呈负相关，CAT活性较高时，H2O2含量则较低。H2O2含量与鹅掌楸组培苗分化进程密切相关，H2O2可能作为信号因子在芽分化过程中发挥重要作用；IAA氧化酶活性呈现先下降后增加的变化规律，从而影响IAA氧化降解途径，调控细胞分裂素与生长素含量的比值，影响鹅掌楸芽的再生；PPO活性随培养时间的增加而升高，引起组培苗的褐变或玻璃化，甚至生长畸形。

In the process of root cutting, the root accumulated a lot of soluble sugar and soluble protein, which provided material and energy for the cell differentiation. As root differentiating, soluable protein was continuously used up. During 10 to 20 days, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the basipetal top and end of rootkept comparatively stable, then declined as adventitious buds and roots growing. 40 days later, they kept invariable, because the newly formed bud can photosynthesize and the newly formed root can absorb nutrient from outside. The dynamic balances of endogenous hormone regulate adventitious buds and roots of the root. During callus growing and adventitious bud differentiating.

上部根段在细胞分化前期积累了大量的可溶性糖，为后期的分化提供能源物质，同时积累了大量的可溶性蛋白质，为愈伤组织的产生提供能源，而后随着分化，可溶性蛋白质不断被消耗。10～20d根段上部及下部的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量保持在相对稳定的水平变化不大，后期随着不定芽及不定根的生长下降较快。40d后，新形成的芽已经能够进行光合作用，新形成的根也可从外界吸收营养物质，可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量基本保持不变。

After the expression completed, BMP and TGF－β were distributed in the chondral matrix and granulation tissues. The bFGF was mainly distributed around non－active mesenchymal cells in the granulation tissues.

表达后BMP、TGF-β较均匀分布于软骨基质以及肉芽组织间质中，bFGF 主要分布于肉芽组织中非活跃的间质细胞周围。

One inclusion was formed within the exosporium and remained with the spore after mother cell lysis.

当芽胞形成细胞裂解后，一种晶体被释放出来，形成自由的伴胞晶体，另一种则始终和芽胞粘连在一起。

The reactions of succi- nate dehydrogenase was enhanced in the neogenerative epithelium of the stomach in the rat with a long-term administration of thyroxine.

大剂量甲状腺素长期注射，可以使新生肉芽组织的成纤维细胞、粒细胞的体积密度和数密度明显增加，而对陈旧肉芽组织却无明显影响。

Cytokinins move through the plant less readily than auxins or gibberellins and appear to move in opposition to auxins—from root upward to shoot, not shoot downward to root.

细胞分裂素不像生长激素或者赤霉素那样容易移动，看起来他们和生长激素移动的方向相反——从根部到芽，而不是由芽到根部。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。