芳族化合物

Over the past four decades, many dearomatization reactions have developed and applied for synthesis of alicyclic compounds con-taining six–membered carboncyclic moieties.

芳香族化合物稳定、易得，通过芳香族化合物的脱芳构化反应，制备官能化的脂肪六元碳环化合物，早以引起人们的广泛兴趣。

In one embodiment, the invention is a system for initiating free radical polymerization comprising: a in one part, one or more amido-borate compounds containing one or more anionic amido-borate moieties comprising an organoborate wherein the boron atom is bonded to a nitrogen atom of ammonia or an organic compound containing one or more nitrogen atoms, such as a hydrocarbyl amine, a hydrocarbyl polyamine, or an aromatic heterocycle containing one or more nitrogen atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms or heteroatom containing functional moieties, and one or more cationic counter ions and b in a second part, a liberating compound which reacts with the nitrogen atom bound to the boron atom upon contact with the amido-borate to form an organoborane radical.

在一个实施方案中，本发明是引发自由基聚合的体系，包括：a在一个部分中，一种或多种含有一个或多个包含有机硼酸根的阴离子酰氨基-硼酸盐部分和一个或多个阳离子抗衡离子的酰氨基-硼酸盐化合物，其中的硼原子键合到氨的氮原子或含一个或多个氮原子的有机化合物，例如烃基胺、烃基聚胺或含一个或多个氮原子和任选含一个或多个杂原子或含杂原子的官能部分的芳族杂环的氮原子上，和b在第二部分中，在与酰氨基-硼酸盐接触时与键合到硼原子上的氮原子反应形成有机硼烷基团的释放化合物。

A catalyst composition for the polymerization of propylene comprising one or more Ziegler-Natta procatalyst compositions comprising one or more transition metal compounds and one or more esters of aromatic dicarboxylic acid internal electron donors; one or more aluminum containing cocatalysts; a selectivity control agent comprising at least one silicon containing compound containing at least one C1-10 alkoxy group bonded to a silicon atom, and one or more activity limiting agent compounds comprising one or more aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids; alkyl-, cycloalkyl- or alkyl-ester derivatives thereof; or inertly substituted derivatives of the foregoing.

一种用于丙烯聚合的催化剂组合物，所述催化剂组合物包括：一种或多种齐格勒-纳塔主催化剂组合物，该主催化剂组合物包括一种或多种过渡金属化合物和一种或多种芳族二羧酸酯内部电子给体；一种或多种包含铝的助催化剂；选择性控制剂，该选择性控制剂包括至少一种包含硅的化合物，该化合物包括至少一种与硅原子连接的C 1-10 烷氧基；和一种或多种活性限制剂化合物，该活性限制剂包括一种或多种脂族或脂环族的单或聚羧酸类、其烷基-、环烷基-或烷基-衍生物、或上述惰性取代的衍生物。

Experimental results show that the different substituted location and different substituted group on benzene cycle would result in the diversity of reduction properties of substituted aryl nitrobenzene. Substituted nitrobenzenes with withdrawing group will be reduced at more positive potential, while those with repelling group will be reduced at more negative potential. In addition, the reduction potential of nitro group of o-nitrobenzene shifts more negative due to the effect of space resistance.

结果表明，芳族硝基化合物在苯环上的取代基位置不同以及在相同位置上取代基的种类不同均可使各芳族硝基化合物的电还原性能发生较大差异：吸电子取代基在电还原过程中电位较正，推电子取代基的电还原电位较负：邻位取代基在反应过程中由于空间位阻效应，苯环上的硝基在电还原时电位往负方向移动。

The value of current density and the apparent active energy of electroreduction of substituted nitrobenzene depend on the electronic effect of substituted group and space resistance. o,m,p-chloronitrobenzene will be electroreduced to azoxy compounds by taking three electrons, o,m-nitrotoulene and o,m-nitrobenzoic acid will be reduced to phenol compounds by taking four electrons, and p-nitrotoulene will be reduced to the aniline by taking six electrons. According to these results, the electroreduction mechanism of the substituted aryl nitro-compounds was studied in detail.

在电还原过程中，还原峰电流和表观活化能的大小均与取代基的电子效应和空间位阻相关，同时取代硝基氯苯得3个电子将还原生成氧化偶氮苯类化合物：邻、间硝基甲苯、硝基苯甲酸得4个电子将还原生成酚类化合物；对硝基甲苯得6个电子将还原生成胺类化合物，在此基础上，探讨了各芳族硝基化合物的电还原机理。

This invention provides a polymerizer and polymerization equipment for producing an aromatic polycarbonate by melt transesterification from a molten prepolymer, of the aromatic polycarbonate, produced from an aromatic dihydroxy compound and a diaryl carbonate.

本发明提供了一种用于通过熔融酯交换由芳族聚碳酸酯的熔融预聚物生产芳族聚碳酸酯的聚合器和聚合设备，其中芳族聚碳酸酯的熔融预聚物由芳族二羟基化合物和碳酸二芳基酯生产。

A catalyst composition for the polymerization of propylene comprising one or more Ziegler-Natta procatalyst compositions comprising one or more transition metal compounds and one or more esters of aromatic dicarboxylic acid internal electron donors; one or more aluminum containing cocatalysts; and a mixture of two or more different selectivity control agents, said SCA mixture comprising from 1 to 99 percent of one or more esters of one or more aromatic monocarboxylic acids or substituted derivatives thereof, and from 99 to 1 percent of one or more alkoxysilane compounds.

一种用于丙烯聚合的催化剂组合物，包括：一种或多种齐格勒-纳塔主催化剂组合物，该齐格勒-纳塔主催化剂组合物包括一种或多种过渡金属化合物和一种或多种芳族二羧酸酯内部电子给体；一种或多种包含铝的辅催化剂；和两种或更多种不同的选择性控制剂的混合物，所述SCA混合物包括1到99％的一种或多种芳族单羧酸的一种或多种酯或其取代衍生物、和99到1％的一种或多种烷氧基硅烷化合物。

This invention pertains to compounds of Formula I, their N-oxides and suitable salts wherein A is O or S; G is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring or a 5- or 6-membered nonaromatic heterocyclic ring optionally including one or two ring members selected from the group consisting of C, SO or S2, each ring optionally substituted with from one to four R; each J is independently a phenyl ring, a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring or an aromatic 8-, 9- or 10-membered fused carbobicyclic or heterobicyclic ring system, wherein each ring or ring system is optionally substituted with from one to four R; and R, R, R, R and n are as defined in the disclosure.

本发明涉及式I的化合物、其N-氧化物和适当盐，其中A是O或S；G是任选地包含一个或两个独立选自C、SO或S 2 的环成员的5-或6-员杂芳环或5-或6-员非芳族杂环，各环任选地被1-4个R 2 取代；各J独立地是苯环，5-或6-员杂芳环或芳族8-，9-或10-员稠合的碳二环或杂二环系，其中各环或环系任选地被1-4个R 3 取代；R 1 ，R 2 ，R 3 ，R 4 和n如说明书中定义。

The impure carbon dioxide which can be obtained from any available source of carbon dioxide will typically contain as impurities sulfur compounds such as carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, sulfur dioxide and mercaptans, hydrocarbon impurities such as aldehydes, alcohols, aromatics, propane, ethylene, and other impurities such as water, and carbon monoxide.

可由任何二氧化碳源得到的低纯度二氧化碳通常含有以下杂质：硫化合物，例如硫化羰、硫化氢、二甲硫、二氧化硫和硫醇；烃杂质，例如醛、醇、芳族化合物、丙烷、乙烯；以及其它杂质，例如水和一氧化碳。

The proportion of the phase transfer catalyst and tertiary amine are usually in the range of about 1-5 and about 0.01-5.0 mole percent, respectively, based on total dihydroxyaromatic compound and dicarboxylic acid employed. In the second phosgenation step, the pH is raised to at least 10 and a stoichiometric phosgene excess of at least 5% is introduced.

相转移催化剂和叔胺的比例以二羟基芳族化合物和二羧酸的总量为基础计通常分别在约1―5和0.01―5.0摩尔百分数的范围内，在第二步光气化步骤中，pH值升高到至少约10，并导入超过化学计量约至少5wt％的光气。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。