花粉块柄

Pollen granular, united into pollinia attached to a retinaculum through a caudicle; filaments connate into a gynostegium.

花粉颗粒状，通过一花粉块柄合并成花粉块着生retinaculum；花丝合生成为一合蕊冠。

Anther appendages membranous; pollinia 2 per pollinarium, waxy, pendulous, caudicle slender.

花药附属物膜质；花粉块2 每pollinarium，腊制，下垂，纤巧的花粉块柄。

Stamens 5, usually inserted at base of corolla tube and adhering to stigma head to form gynostegium; filaments usually connate to form a tube enclosing ovaries; anthers 4-celled (Periplocoideae and Secamonoideae) or 2-celled, often with a membranous apical appendage; pollen tetrads contained loosely on a spatulate translator with a basal corpusculum, or pollen united into waxy pollinia, each attached through a caudicle to the retinaculum between adjacent anthers to form a pollinarium, pollinia 2 or 4 per pollinarium.

雄蕊5，着生于花冠筒的基部，与柱头贴生，和柱头粘生，形成合蕊柱；花丝通常合生成管包围子房；花药4室(Periplocoideae和Secamonoideae)或者2室的，通常有一膜质的顶端附属物；四合花粉松散地着生于匙形的载粉器上，具有着粉腺体，或者花粉合生成腊质的花粉块，通过花粉块柄与系接于着粉腺上，每个花药有花粉块2个或4个。

Anthers short, appendages arching over stigma head; pollinia 2 per pollinarium, horizontal, suberect, rarely erect, caudicles ascending or suberect, retinaculum small.

花药短，附属物在柱头头状花序上方拱起；花粉块2 每pollinarium，水平，近直立，很少直立，花粉块柄上升或近直立，小的retinaculum。

Anthers rhomboid; pollinia subglobose, subhorizontal, caudicles ascending, retinaculum ellipsoid.

花药斜方形；近球形的花粉块，上升的近水平，花粉块柄，retinaculum 椭圆体。

Anthers erect, with apical membrane overlying stigma head; pollinia 2 per pollinarium, margin translucent, caudicles enlarged at apex, erect.

花药直立，具顶端的膜overlying柱头头状花序；花粉块2 每pollinarium，半透明的空白边，花粉块柄放大在先端，直立。

Anther appendages membranous, ovate, overlying stigma head; pollinia 2 per pollinarium, oblong, horizontal, caudicles obliquely ascending.

花药附属物膜质，卵形，柱头头状花序；花粉块2 每pollinarium，长方形，水平，斜升的花粉块柄。

The caudicles may dry up if the flower hasn't been visited by any pollinator and the pollina then fall directly on the stigma.

如果花没有被传粉昆虫光顾，花粉块柄会干涸，然后花粉会直接掉落到柱头上。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。