花粉

Genetic diversity in 12 populations of apomictic Eulaliopsis binata was evaluated by morphological observation and RAPD analyse ,as a result, 12 populations of E.binata were divided into different types.

通过分析龙须草核型和观察花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中染色体行为与变异，判断其倍性水平和多倍体类型。

The content of GA exhibited on imbalance in different tissue of seedling. The content of IAA, GA and ZR of male sterile lines were lower than maintainer lines to some degree, especially in the stage of archesporial and meiosis. IAA, GA and ZR are the important plant hormone which regulates lots of activity of plant. Their deficient must interfere on the development of anther and result in abortion.

在花期叶片激素含量在保持系和不育系之间变化较大，蕾期不育系的IAA、GA和ZR含量出现不同程度的亏缺，尤其是从小蕾期到大蕾期阶段，ogura不育系、改良萝卜不育系的IAA、GA和ZR含量都极显著低于保持系IAA、GA和ZR是植物体内重要的信号物质，可调节植物的多种生命活动，其亏缺影响花粉的正常发育，从而引起败育。

Stamens (10-)15 to many, free from or connate to petals; filaments usually dilated at base; anthers 2-celled, with 2 pollen sacs per cell; connective appendages aristate, filiform or stout.

雄蕊(10-)15到多数，离生或与花瓣合生；通常的花丝膨大的在基部；花药2室，每室有2花粉囊；药隔附属物芒状，丝状或者粗。

Micrantha is protandrous and has a secondary pollen presentation system which characterizes the family Asteraceae.

结果表明，薇甘菊的花为雄蕊先熟并具有菊科植物典型的次级花粉展现系统。

Spikelets 3–4 mm, brown; callus hairs a little shorter than spikelet, brown; lower glume oblong-lanceolate, papery becoming herbaceous toward apex, back brown-hirsute, apex narrowly truncate; lower lemma 3/4 length of glumes; upper lemma oblong, obtuse and awnless or minutely mucronate, varying to shortly 2-toothed and awned from sinus; awn twisted, bent, up to 6 mm.

小穗3-4毫米，棕色；胼胝体毛一小短于小穗，棕色；狭的更低的颖片长圆状披针形，纸质的变得的草质的向先端，背面棕色具粗毛，先端截形；更低的外稃3/4段颖片；上面外稃长圆形，短尖的钝和awnless或微小的，变化随着短2齿和从那里凹缺；芒扭曲，弯曲，可达6毫米花粉囊3，1.6-2.2毫米。

The exine of all species can be distinguished by itstectum, baculum and foot-layer.

透射电镜下观察，5种植物花粉外壁均可分为覆盖层、柱状层和基层。

The QTL controlling spikelet fertility and pollen fertility were investigated based on the Balilla/NTH//Balilla backcross population by SSR marker. For spikelet fertility trait, two QTLs, qSPTF1 on chromosome 1 and qSPTF6 on chromosome 6, were detected, and their additive effect were 13. 501 and -16. 414, respectively. According to previous studies, qSPTF6 was deduced to be same as S〓.

以回交群体 Balilla/南特号//Balilla 为育性基因的分析群体，研究了该群体中控制小穗育性和花粉育性的基因位点，对于小穗育性共检测到2个QTLs，qSPTFl和qSPTF6，分别位于第1和第6染色体上，其加性效应分别为13.501和-16.414。

Stamens 4, didynamous, anthers connivent and enclosed by galea; locules parallel and free, pointed at base but posterior 2 anthers each with 1 locule spurred, all 4 with barbate hairs along slit.

雄蕊4，二强雄蕊，花药靠合和藏于盔瓣；除了有激励的1子房室，沿着裂缝的有具髯毛的头发的全部的4的在后的2只花粉囊，子房室平行和免费，指的在基部。

Stamens as many as or 2 × as many as sepals; anthers versatile or sometimes basifixed; pollen shed singly or in tetrads or polyads.

雄蕊同数或2 *同数萼片；有时的花药丁字着的或基着；花粉室单一或四个或多个。

Stamens 3 or 6, if 6 then 3 opposite outer perianth segments; filaments thin; anthers basifixed, 2-loculed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pollen grains in tetrads.

雄蕊3或者6，如果6，3个与外部花被片对生；花丝细；花药基着，2室纵向开裂。花粉粒为四分体。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。