花粉

The results showed that: pollen tube grew normally and entered into the style base after self-pollination of self-compatible cultivar and cross-pollination of self-incompatible cultivar.

结果表明：自交不亲和的品种异花授粉和自交亲和的品种自花授粉后花粉管能够正常生长并通过花柱基部。

Thus, flowering plant species dependent on insect pollination, as opposed to self-pollination or wind pollination, could be endangered when the population of insect-pollinators is depleted by the use of pesticides.

因此，依赖于昆虫授粉的开花类的植物，因为不同于自身授粉或风媒授粉，在花粉媒虫数量因杀虫剂的使用而减少时，会濒临灭绝的危险。

Emasculation The removal of the stamens of a plant before the anthers burst to prevent self-pollination or unwanted crosses to nearby plants.

去雄：在植物花粉囊裂开之前将雄蕊摘除，以防止自花受粉或与邻近植物的有害杂交。

Howevr,the time of plantlet induction was delayed and the percentage of responding anthers as well as the number of plantlets induced per anther significantly decreased after 3kR of 60Co γ-ray radiation which was considered as a semilethal exposure.

结果表明，1kR左右的γ射线对花粉的出苗率有促进效应；3kR时，花药出苗时间延长，出苗花药率和花药产苗率明显降低，视为半致死剂量；6kR时，虽有部分花药可以出苗，但花药产苗率极低。

Investigation and comparison of pollen grains have been made for four genera of Compositae from Tibet and Barrow, Arctic, namely Artemisia L., Erigeron L., Saussurea DC., and Senecio L..

对西藏和北极巴罗地区菊科4个属（蒿属、飞蓬属、风毛菊属和千里光属）17个种的花粉形态进行了光学和扫描电子显微镜的观察、比较。

In the genus of Saussurea,the pollen grains of the genus can be divided into 4types,fovedate,granules,reticulate-granules and reticulate and the achen surfacefeature can be divided into four types,striate ornamentation,septate striateornamentation,reticulate ornamentation and negative reticulate ornamentation.

利用花粉和果实的性状所作的聚类分析表明，所研究风毛菊属植物大致划分为明显的4个类群，所包含的种分别隶属于风毛菊属的四亚属：雪兔子亚属、雪莲亚属、附片亚属和风毛菊亚属，与传统分类相一致，但各类群所含种类差别很大，各物种的系统位置有待进一步研究。11。

Pollen is the male_gamete of seed plant, which plays an important role in sexual reproduction.

花粉是种子植物的雄配子体，在有性繁殖中发挥着重要作用。

The results of fitness of F1 demonstrated that the hybrid F1 of B. juncea and wild rapes did not decline, while that of hybrid F1 of B. napus or B. campetris and wild rapes declined significantly with the lower pollen fertility and fewer seeds per silique.

子一代的适合度研究结果表明，芥菜型油菜向野芥菜杂交一代的适合度没有降低，而甘蓝型及白菜型和野芥菜杂交一代的适合度明显下降，表现在花粉活力降低，结实率极低。

Panicle open, 10–30 cm; branches in distant whorls, capillary, flexuous, 5–15 cm, mostly unbranched, tipped by a raceme; racemes 2–5-noded with 7–13 spikelets, sometimes branched with up to 40 spikelets, disarticulating at maturity, one spikelet of a pair sessile, the other pedicellate; rachis internodes and pedicels slenderly clavate, margins ciliate, hairs 0.7–1 mm. Spikelets 4.5–5 mm; callus hairs ca. 1 mm; lower glume lanceolate, thinly pilose, veins smooth below middle, scaberulous above, apex acuminate; upper glume ciliate on margins, acuminate or emarginate and mucronate; lower floret sterile, palea reduced; upper lemma 2-lobed to middle; awn 5.5–8 mm.

圆锥花序打开，10-30厘米；在远轮生方面的分枝，发状，，5-15厘米，多数不分枝，被总状花序端部； 7-13小穗2-5有节具的总状花序，40小穗的有时分枝具可达，成熟时脱节，一对无梗，另一个的一小穗；棍棒状的轴节间和花梗slenderly，边缘具缘毛，头发0.7-1毫米小穗4.5-5毫米；胼胝体毛约1毫米；披针形，稀疏具柔毛的下部的颖片，脉平滑的中间以下，在上面微糙，先端渐尖；在边缘上具缘毛的上面颖片，渐尖的或微缺和短尖；不育的下部小花，退化的内稃；上面外稃2裂的至中部；芒5.5-8毫米花粉囊2-3毫米。

This paper gives an overview of the different and conserved features of fern spores and spermatophyte pollen germination.

本文综述了蕨类植物孢子和种子植物花粉萌发过程的差异和保守性特征。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。