花粉

The experiment material is apricot and almond in this paper,passed TTC method to carried on examination the agnate pollen of vitality before pollination;after the investigation fruit set percentage,using of DPSv3.01 analyzed the date;the pollen tube behavior and bourgeon were observed by means of flurescence microscopy;the orthogonal design was used to optimize SSR amplification system of apricot hybrids in five factors at four levels respectively;making use of the new SSR-PCR system analyse the 50s hybrids.

本文以仁用杏及扁桃为试验材料，通过TTC染色法对授粉前父本花粉的活力进行了测定，运用DPSv3.01专业版数据处理系统软件对授粉后坐果率的调查数据进行了分析；利用荧光显微技术对花粉在柱头的萌发情况及花粉管的生长状况进行了动态观察；采用正交设计对仁用杏杂交苗SSR-PCR反应的5因素4水平进行试验；在新体系的基础上对50个杂交苗进行了分析。

The results offer the condition that these plants of Ajuga could be distinguished by size and ornamentation of exhymenine.

结果表明，同属三种植物的形态特征相似，可通过叶形及花期是否具基生叶，花萼的形态，花冠颜色以及茎的生长方式和植株被毛情况等予以鉴别；通过对三种植物的花、根、茎、叶及全草粉末的组织构造观察，认为种间差异较小，可依据毛茸的分布及形态特征和茎的木化程度不同加以鉴别；对三者花粉粒进行了扫描电镜观察，发现其大小和外壁纹饰具有明显差异，为三者的鉴别提供了有力的依据，也为该属的分类及植物花粉形态研究提供了花粉形态学方面的资料。

The results suggest: the three culturalss pollen germination percentage were more than 60% 4 h after cultured in liquid culture medium composed 10% sucrose, 24℃; Florescence most concentrated April third-tenth (2003); For Zaomeisu and Qiyuesu ,their anthotaxy and flower self setting fruit percentage were more than 90%,except for China pear 1, anthotaxy self setting fruit percentage was 48.3%, flower self setting fruit percentage was 33.1%; Their cross-compatibility was higher, anthotaxy and flower self setting fruit percentage almost reached 100%, the lowest also reached 94.9%, but last self-compatible gathering fruit percentage was lower comparatively and fruit average seed numbers were lower, while cross-compatible gathering fruit percentage and fruit average seed numbers were closed to that of nature pollination.

对梨品种亲缘关系很近的早美酥、中梨1号、七月酥等进行的花粉发芽率、花期调查、自交亲和性、异交亲和性调查的结果表明：三者的花粉在10%的蔗糖液培养基上，24℃左右培养4h后花粉发芽率均能达到60%以上；三者的花期大都集中在4月3日-10日(2003年)；早美酥、中梨1号、七月酥的自花授粉坐果率，除中梨1号的花序自花授粉座果率为48.3%，花朵自交座果率为33.1%外，早美酥、七月酥的花序自交座果率和花朵自自花授粉座果率均达到90%以上；它们的异花授粉坐果率更高，在本试验中花序坐果率和花朵坐果率都可达到94%以上，但最终采果率自花授粉的相对低一些，果实平均种子数也低，异花授粉的最终采果率和果实平均种子数与自然授粉条件下的近似。

Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous, wind-pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.9 o/ U1 Y6 t: E

因为，潜在的危险，花粉粒在长途运输中所要遭受的潜在危险是巨大的，风媒传粉的植物，按上述观点来看，补偿了在偶然事件中伴随产生的花粉损失，通过的优点是，生产出的花粉数量比那些依靠昆虫传粉的植物所产生的花粉数量大一到三个数量级。

The ultrastructure characters of pollen grain in Brassica napus are:1There are vacuoles in cytoplasm but no starch grain in uniceelluar pollengrain.2The veget- ative nucleus of bicellular pollen grain is generally spheroidal;while the generative cell is spinde-shaped,with a big nucleus,thin layer of cytoplasmand few cell orgens,no cell wall.3In three-celled pollen grain the sperm cell is separated from the cytoplasm of vegetative cell by two layers of plasmic membrances.

Brassica napus的花粉粒，在不同发育时期超微结构的特征如下：1单胞花粉粒有一个球形的细胞核和明显的核仁，细胞质内出现液泡，缺少典型的淀粉粒。2双胞花粉粒的营养核多为球形。生殖细胞纺锤形，无细胞壁，细胞核比例大，细胞质呈薄层，细胞器少。3三胞花粉粒有一个裂片状的营养核和两个纺锤形的精细胞，精细胞无壁，以两层质膜与营养细胞的细胞质相隔。

The results in these three regions have been given that (1) Ephedra, as dry and desert vegetation, the average percents are 7.7 in Yang Lake, 4.2 in Kunlun Rive, 7.5 in Doucuo Lake, and the datum in Yang Lake is higher than others;(2) Gramineae, as humid vegetation, the average percents are 1.2 in Yang Lake, 4.9 in Kunlun Rive, 12.0 in Kuhai Lake, increasing gradually from west to east;(3) Artemisia, as humid vegetation, the average percents are 22.2 in Yang Lake, 43.6 in Kunlun Rive, 48.8 in Kuhai Lake, increasing gradually from west to east, too;(4) Chenopodiaceae, as dry vegetation, the average percents are 52.1 in Yang Lake, 42.4 in Kunlun Rive, 11.5 in Kuhai Lake, however, decreasing gradually from west to east;(5) Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ,the average data, as environmental changing index, are 0.45 in Yang Lake, 1.23 in Kuniun Rive, 5.59 in Kuhai Lake, increasing gradually from west to east, and there is higher data scope during 3.0~4.3 ka BP in these two lake sediment profiles, then decreasing;(6) Ephedra/Artemisia, data are all increased but the amplitude is different, such as 0.45 in Yang Lake, 0.34 in Kunlun Rive, 0.28 in Kuhai Lake, decreasing gradually from west to east.

代表气候湿润的禾本科花粉平均百分含量，三个地区分别为：1.2%、4.9%、12.0%，从西向东数值逐渐升高。③代表气候湿润的蒿属花粉平均百分含量，三个地区分别为：22.2%，43.6%，48.8%，从西向东数值逐渐升高。④代表气候干旱的草科花粉平均百分含量，三个地区分别为：52.1%，42.4%，11.5%，从西向东数值逐渐降低。⑤依据蒿属、藜科花粉百分含量，计算出环境变化指标，蒿属／藜科值，三个地区的平均值分别为：0.45，1.23，5.59，从西向东比值逐渐升高，⑥麻黄属／蒿属值，在全新世晚期，三个地区都呈上升趋势，但幅度存在差异，分别为：0.45，0.34，0.28，从西向东数值逐渐降低。

Pollen grains germinated soon after pollination. Pollen tubes grew first into the intercellular space of branched penniform stigma and then through the intercellular space of transmitting tissue into the top of the ovary, further penetrating the ovary wall and primine to the micropyle. Green fluorescence was found in both pollen and pollen tubes.

结果表明：授粉后，花粉随即萌发，花粉管进入羽毛状柱头分支结构的细胞间隙，继续生长于花柱至子房顶部的引导组织的细胞间隙中，而后进入子房，在子房壁与外珠被之间的缝隙中向珠孔方向生长，花粉与花粉管均具有明显的绿色荧光。

Jiangshu province showed that between individual plants there were significant differences in the number of male and female strobili anb their ratios, in the length of pollen grains and in the pollen germination percentage.

结果表明，金钱松人工林群体中个体间的开花量、花粉粒形态大小及花粉发芽率等性状都存在明显的差异。金钱松花粉发芽特点与落叶松和花旗松Pseudotsnga menziesii (Mirbel Franco 的花粉发芽特点具有相似性。

The DNA relative content of large unreduced pollen grains induced by colchicine was determined quantitatively with laser scanning confocal microscopy using the normal-sized pollen grains as control. The results suggest that the large unreduced pollen grains are diploid.

以正常花粉作对照，用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对经秋水仙碱处理诱导出的大花粉进行了DNA含量的定量测定，初步确认该试验诱导的大花粉是一种二倍体花粉。

The results showed that although 2n pollens had a certain germinatingability,the germinating process of natural and artificia 2n pollens was tardier than that of1n pollens,and 2n pollens had weaker competition in mixed pollination than 1nbreeding practice.

应用这种方法对2n花粉生命力和发育情况进行测定观察发现，尽管2n花粉保持有一定的萌发力，但与1n花粉相比，天然和人工2n花粉的发育进程均较迟缓，在参与授精的竞争中处于劣势，这也正是育种中三倍体得率低的根本原因。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了