花瓣化

Compared with other methods, the effect on preservation of the cut flowers, pretreated in 100 ml/L benzalkonium bromide for 3 hours, was obvious. The fresh flower weights increased slowly, few or none leaves were wilting after transplanted into water for 6 days. Etiolation of the leave slowed down and almost 90% leaves kept fresh after 12 days. The flower buds blooming speed also slowed down, 50% of flower buds were opened, petals were kept fresh, the stems of cut flower were unbent, and none flowers were drooped after 15 days.

与其他预处理相比，在100 ml/L溶液预处理3h，瓶插后鲜重一直呈缓慢上升趋势；6d后，极少数叶片发生萎蔫，叶片黄化速度也很缓慢，约90％的叶片12d后还可以保持新鲜；花蕾开放速度也缓慢，15d后仅有50％的花蕾开花，且花瓣挺阔，无枯萎迹象，而且茎干挺直，不弯颈；保鲜效果明显高于其他的预处理。

One of the two projections or segments of an irregular, two-lipped corolla or calyx; a labium; the exceptional petal of an orchid blossom.

唇 Lip 不规则二唇形花冠或花萼的突起或裂片；下唇瓣，图 1776；兰花特化的花瓣。

Research in Arabidopsis showed overexpression of A, B and E class genes caused the formation of petaloid leaves, suggested a general mechanism that might be found in other petaloid structures in plants.

有趣的是，Pelaz在2001年证明，阿拉伯芥中的A、B及E 群的基因过量表现可以造成叶子瓣化的现象，提供了一个植物类花瓣形成的可能调控机制。

RosewaterAn infusion of fresh rose petals and pure water, rosewater is renowned as a gentle skin softener.

新鮮的玫瑰花瓣和純淨的水， rosewater的注入使有名望作為一種柔和的皮膚軟化劑。

The results above showed:(1) The cultivars of large-flowered chrysanthemum are widely distributed in Beijing area with plentiful floral types and floral colors;(2) The cultivars with the rare types and colors are urgent for protection;(3) Most of the quantitative characters obeys to the normal distribution,some important traits agreed with skewed distribution.The probability grading can assist quantitative character in establishing new grading standards;(4) Most of qualitative characters is asymmetrical in cultivars,which might be caused by unbalanced differentiation of characters or linkages coming from emphasis characters selection;(5) The floral characters are relatively stable and have comparably large influence on classification,the characters of stipule also have a certain degree of stability and can act as an reasonable supplement for cultivars classification,but the foliar characters have worse stability and can only be recognized as lower level criterion.(6) The genetic relationship among the Flat-petaled group,the Quilled-petal group and the Spoon-petaled group are closest,which followed by the Filiform-petal group because of long-term selection pressure for the specialization of the petal tip loved by most people.The Anemone-petal group has further genetic relationship with these four groups.(7) ISSR molecular marker detection indicates that the proportion of polymorphic loci of lardge-flowered chrysanthemum is higher,in which the Flat-petaled group has the highest genetic diversity level.

综合以上的研究结果表明：(1)北京地区现有大量大菊品种，且花型与花色较为丰富；(2)珍稀花型、花色品种亟需保护；(3)大部分数量性状是符合正态分布的，少数重点观赏性状迫于选择压力呈现偏态分布，概率分级法能够辅助大菊的数量性状建立新的分级标准；(4)大部分质量性状在品种群内的分布是不均匀的，可能是由菊花性状遗传分化的不均衡性或受到选育重点性状的连锁作用而造成的；(5)大菊花部性状相对稳定，对品种分类影响较大，其托叶部分也具有一定程度的稳定性，可以作为品种分类的合理补充，而叶部性状稳定性较差，在品种分类中应作为更次一级的分类依据；(6)平瓣类、管瓣类和匙瓣类的亲缘关系最近，畸瓣类品种花瓣先端特化受到人们的喜爱，长期的选择压力使其区别于3种基本瓣型，而这四种瓣型与桂瓣类在亲缘关系上较远；(7)ISSR分子标记检测表明：大菊品种多态性位点百分率较高，平瓣类品种的遗传分化最为丰富。

Through morphological analysis between male sterile plant and male fertile plant in the alabastrum period as well as in flowering period, one morphological mark was found that the alabastrum of male sterile plant was in cone shape; the alabastrum of male fertile plant was cylindraceous. The male sterile alabastrum and male fertile alabastrum were significantly different. The petal of male sterile is filiform but not lingulate and tubular , the normal one was just the opposite.

通过在蕾期和盛花期对不育系和可育系的形态性状进行分析，找到了一个与育性相关的形态标记，即不育系的花蕾呈圆锥状，而可育系花蕾呈圆柱状，二者形态差异极显著；花开放后，不育系的花瓣丝状化，没有舌状花和管状花之分，而正常可育系花序外围是舌状花，内部是管状花。

The discovery and study of apetalous sterility mutant in Brassica napus L.

甘蓝型油菜无花瓣品系雄蕊雌化不育系的发现和遗传研究。

Leaves all basal, simple, 3-sect, or ternate; petals ca. 1/3 as long as sepals, not petaloid (instead specialized nectariferous organs); style ca. 2 × as long as ovary; follicles cubic-globose

叶全部基生，单，3裂，或三出；花瓣约1/3倍于萼片，不瓣状(代替为特化的分泌蜜汁器官)；花柱长约2 *倍于子房；蓇葖果立方球状 18 Urophysa 尾囊草属

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。