花岗岩

This rock zone, with a NE striking, the whole length of 1 400 km and the width of 100～150 km, is characterized by not onlyalkaline rocks (analcite biotite olivine melilitites, leucititic alnoites, nephelite syenites, aegirite augite syenites, melanite syenites, riebeckite syenite and aegirite bearing quartz syenites) and alkaline granite (riebeckite granite, and aegitite augite riebeckite granite), but also a lot of syenites, monzonites and alkaline feldspar granites or miarolitic K feldspar granites.

该岩带全长约1400km，宽100～150km，不仅发育有狭义的碱性岩(方沸黑云橄榄黄长岩、白榴黄长煌斑岩、霞石正长岩、霓辉石正长岩、黑榴石正长岩和含霓石石英正长岩)和碱性花岗岩(钠闪石花岗岩、霓辉石钠闪石花岗岩)，还发育有大量的正长岩类二长岩类碱长花岗岩或晶洞钾长花岗岩。

In this paper the author report deals the type and features of granitic geomorphologic landscape in Chaya Mountain National Geopark. Contrast features of granitic geomorphologic landscape of Mt. Chaya to with those of granitic geomorphologic landscape in China and in the world,Features of granitic geomorphologic landscape Mt. Chaya:①granitic geomorphologic landscape are mainly pictographic stones of granitic geomorphologic landscape ,which have a hundred and tens for pictographic stones of granite in Chaya Mountain.

本文论述嵖岈山国家地质公园花岗岩地貌景观的类型、花岗岩地貌景观特征，对河南遂平嵖岈山花岗岩地貌景观特征与国内外典型花岗岩地貌景观进行了对比分析，嵖岈山花岗岩地貌景观特征：①嵖岈山花岗岩地貌景观主要是花岗岩像形石地貌景观，各种形态的花岗岩像形石有100多个。

It has been shown in the Al(Na+K+Ca/2) diagram that the Jinla granitoids are all plotted within the area of "S" type of granites, but the samples from Laochang amphibole admellite, Menglinshan biotite admellite and Nanla K-feldspar graniteporphyry are scattered gradually far away from the boundary between "I" and "S" types of granites, implying that the components from the upper mantle gradually decreasing from the Laochang amphibole admellite to the Menglinshan biotite admellite and then to the Nanla K-feldspar granite porphyry.

3上述三类花岗岩样品皆位于S型花岗岩区，但从老厂似斑状角闪二长花岗岩，勐林山似斑状黑云二长花岗岩，到南腊碱长花岗斑岩，样品分布逐渐远离"I"型花岗岩和"S"型花岗岩的分界线，这表明自老厂似斑状角闪二长花岗岩至勐林山似斑状黑云二长花岗岩，到南腊碱长花岗斑岩幔源组分逐渐减少。

The formation process of the rocks is divided for thefirst time into three cycles corresponding to J2, J3, and K1, respectively, and each cycle into early,middle, and late periods based on intruding contact relationship among different types ofgranitoids.3. A detailed study on the petrological characteristics of different cycles of theMesozoic granitoids supports classification of the rocks into three lithological associationsincluding A-type, high-K calc-alkaline, and calc-alkaline granitoids, of which the first associationbelongs to alkaline series, and the others belong to calc-alkaline series. It is shown that thelithologies change from diorite, quartz monzonite, and granodiorite to monzonitic graniteand syenogranite with periods from early to late in each cycle.4. A preliminary summarization hasbeen made on the evolution characteristics of the rocks.

首次将中生代花岗岩类划分为J2旋回、J3旋回、K1旋回等三个旋回，并依据不同岩石类型间的侵入接触关系，将每个旋回又划分为早、中、晚三期。3、在详细研究区内中生代不同时期花岗岩类岩石特征的基础上，首次将区内中生代花岗岩类划分为碱性系列碱质A型花岗岩类以及钙碱性系列高钾钙碱性花岗岩类和钙碱性花岗岩类等二个系列三种岩石组合类型，确定每个旋回从早期到晚期，岩石均具有从闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、石英二长岩-二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩演化的趋势。4、初步总结了区内中生代花岗岩类的演化特征。

According to the relationship of Yanshan epoch granites and NE ductile shear zones of main structure of this region, and regional isotope chronology data, the granitoids of this region are divided:(1) pretectonic, qnartze monzonite -granites assemblage, representative plutons: Shigujian, Erwan, Egongbao, and Yunfengding;(2) syntectonic granite assemblage, representative plutons: Tiantangzhai, and Jiuzihe;(3) posttectonic granite assemblage, representative plutons: Daguping and Bijiashan. These assemblages differ from precollision , syncollision and postcollision intrusive assemblages.

根据燕山期花岗岩与区内主体构造NE向韧性剪切带的关系，并结合区域同位素年代学资料，将区内花岗岩分为：(1)构造前石英二长岩—花岗岩组合，代表性岩体有石鼓尖、二湾、鹅公包、云峰顶；(2)同构造花岗岩组合，代表性岩体有天堂寨、九资河；(3)构造后花岗岩组合，代表性岩体有大孤坪、笔架山，这里的构造前、同构造和构造后侵入岩组合不同于碰撞前、同碰撞和碰撞后侵入岩组合。

Calidonian granites are widely developed in the Yema Nanshan area in the western segment of the Qilian orogenic belt. The geochemical characteristics of most of the granites are similar to those of adakites: SiO2≥56%, Al2O3≥15.0%, low MgO (average 2.04%), high Sr (257-889μg/g, average 546.42μg/g), low Y (7.1-25.3μg/g,average 16.67μg/g), average Sr/Y=5.89, no pronounced Eu anomaly and Sr positive anomaly. Adakites in this area have five rock types, quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite, quartz monzonite, monzogrannite and hornblende granite. These rocks commonly contain hornblende, belonging to I-type granites.

提要：祁连西段野马南山一带发育大量的加里东期花岗岩，其中大部分花岗岩具有与adakite岩相似的地球化学特征，SiO2≥56%， Al2O3≥15.0％，低MgO（平均2.04％），高Sr(257～889μg/g，平均值546.42μg/g)，低Y（7.1～25.3μg/g，平均16.67μg/g），Sr/Y平均为35.89μg/g，Eu无明显负异常，Sr正异常，Adakite岩石类型有石英闪长岩、石英二长闪长岩、石英二长岩、角闪花岗岩、二长花岗岩，岩石中普遍含有角闪石，属I型花岗岩，地球化学图解反映该花岗岩形成环境为板块碰撞前的岛弧型，锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为444+38/-33 Ma，处在祁连造山带板块俯冲收缩阶段，因此可以推断野马南山埃达克质Adakite花岗岩是俯冲板片部分融熔和壳幔岩浆混合形成的。

SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yielded some age data: the Longchahe porphyritic granite is (81.2±1.4)~(83.2±1.4) Ma, the porphyritic granite in Malage-Songshujia area is (82.8±1.7) Ma, the porphyritic granite in Laochang area is (83.3±1.6) Ma and the Baishachong equigranular granite is (77.4±2.5) Ma.

文章首次采用LA-ICP-MS和SHRIMP U-Pb方法对研究区内的花岗岩进行了精确定年，数据表明，不同类型的花岗岩同时或近于同时形成。龙岔河似斑状花岗岩主要形成于(82.0±0.3)~(83.2±1.4)Ma，马拉格－松树脚似斑状花岗岩形成于(82.8±1.7)Ma，老厂似斑状花岗岩形成于(83.3±1.6)Ma，白沙冲等粒花岗岩形成于(77.4±2.5)Ma，均集中形成于晚白垩世。

Detailed geology- petrology-mineralogy study shows that late Triassic-early Jurassic granites can be divided into 4 groups: granodiorites, monzonitic-K syenogranites mainly, alkali feldspar-alkali granites and syenite, Middle Jurassic granites is composed of quartz diorites-granodiorites and monzonitic granites, the main rock type includes granodiorites and monzogranites; Early Cretaceous granites include alkali gabbro, alkali granites and granodiorites, and these rocks composed bimodal igneous rock group.

详细的地质-岩石矿物学研究表明，晚三叠-早侏罗世花岗岩可以划分成四种岩石组合，即花岗闪长岩组合、二长花岗岩—正长花岗岩组合、碱长花岗岩—碱性花岗岩组合和正长岩组合，其中以二长花岗岩—正长花岗岩组合为主；中侏罗世花岗岩由石英闪长岩-花岗闪长岩组合和二长花岗岩组合构成，岩石类型以花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩为主；早白垩世出现了碱性辉长岩、碱性花岗岩和花岗闪长岩，构成双峰式火成岩组合。

Based on isotopic ages and the cycle of magamtism, the ages of Yanbian granites can be subdivided into five periods:①late Permian granites (260-245Ma), the typical plutons are Liukesong and Liangbing plutons, and the main rock type include diorite-monzonitic-K syenogranites;②Triassic granites (225-200Ma), the typical plutons are Sandaogou, Chunyang, Qishiergedingzi, Dahuanggou, Naozhi, and Qinglinzi plutons, the main rock type include quartz dioritesgranodiorites-monzonitic-alkali granites;③early Jurassic granites (190-180Ma), which composed of quartz diorites-granodiorites - monzonitic ,and the typical plutons are Shimen, Miantian, Daxinggou and Yushuchuan rock;④Middle-Late Jurassic (170-150Ma), which composed of granodiorites- monzonitic- garnet-bearing muscovite granites, the typical plutons are Huangniling, Weizigou, Loutuoshan and Dongqing rock;⑤early Cretaceous (about 130Ma), the typical pluton is Zhongping pluton, and its rock type is paulite diorite.

另外，根据同位素年龄和岩石组合并考虑到岩浆的旋回性，将延边显生宙花岗岩进一步划分为五个期次：1。晚二叠世(260-245Ma)，代表性岩体为六棵松和亮兵，主体岩性为辉石闪长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩；2。三叠世(225-200Ma)，代表性岩体为三道沟、春阳、七十二个顶子、大荒沟、闹枝、青林子，岩石组合为石英闪长岩—花岗闪长岩—二长花岗岩—碱长花岗岩，以花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩为主；3。早侏罗世(190-180Ma)，石英闪长岩—花岗闪长岩—二长花岗岩组合，主体岩性为花岗闪长岩，代表性岩体有石门、棉田、大兴沟、榆树川等；4。中侏罗世(170-150Ma)，主体岩性为花岗闪长岩和含石榴石花岗岩，代表性岩体有黄泥岭、苇子沟、骆驼山、东清5。

Summing up these results, we think that the Yinmawanshan batholith came from the mixing, the fractional crystallization and the crust contamination of the enriched lithospheric mantle and the low crust magma.3、the time relationship between the Yinmawanshan batholith' formation and the tectonic extension The field observation and petrology have clearly showed that the Yinmawanshan batholith intruded in the forming period of the Liaonan metamorphic core complex, so this provided direct geological evidence to the viewpoint that the early Cretaceous magamatism of the eastern China developed in the extensionally tectonic setting.

还有一个证据来自对A型花岗岩的研究。A型花岗岩的年代学研究结果显示在东北的大兴安岭地区、张广才岭地区、本文研究区的辽东半岛，几乎所有的上述A型花岗岩都是在120-130 Ma期间形成的，与本文研究的饮马湾山I型花岗岩同时。地球化学资料还显示，这些花岗岩基本具有A1型非造山花岗岩的特点，充分反映了我国东部早白垩世的地质演化与伸展体制有关。根据上述资料我们推测，辽东半岛南部饮马湾山岩体形成时的我国东部由于受岩石圈减薄作用影响而使全区处于伸展构造体制。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。