节理

On the base of probabilistic and statistics results of joints and cracks, the Author modifies Block Theory. The sliding probability of Key Block is I A RSTR A CT F2 ? 5.It is put up forward that GM(l,1) Model to predict Amount of rainfall, and Markov Chain to modifY GM( 1,1 )predicting result, and then a theoretical predicting Model of amount of rainfall is firstly built. This model is applied in a situ example. It is proved that the model is very useful to predict amount of rainfall ,when ordinal array of Amount of rainfall changes in unexact index rule.

首次将节理裂隙视为有限长，借助有关岩体节理裂隙概率统计研究成果，对块体理论进行修正，确定了关键块体变为滑动块体概率计算公式为 5、本文提出采用GM（1，1）模型预测降雨量，而采用Markov链进行修正的方法，首次用该方法建立了大气降雨量预测的理论模型，并结合实例进行具体应用，解决了当降雨量的时间序列呈不严格的指数规律变化时，大气降雨量的预测问题。

The results indicate that the formation of loess vertical joints can be divided into two phases:① the formation of inner fissure, i.e. in the beginning of deposition, the undulation of terrain leads to uneven distribution of loess, then when it rains uneven collapsibility generates, which leads to generate inner fissures ;② the stage of fissure extension, namely loess continues deposition after the inner fissures have been formed, the increasing of the top pressure makes the top of inner fissure lie in the state of tensile stress, so, when the stress reaches its tensile strength, the inner fissure extends along the vertical direction and then becomes a vertical joint.

结果表明黄土垂直节理的形成可分为 2 个阶段：①内裂隙形成阶段，开始沉积时，由于地形的起伏导致黄土厚度上的分布不均匀，在降雨时产生不均匀湿陷，从而导致产生内裂隙；②裂隙扩展阶段，内裂隙形成后黄土继续堆积，顶部压力的增长致使裂隙顶部土体受到拉应力作用，当达到其抗拉强度时裂隙就会沿竖直方向产生扩张而形成垂直节理。

It has the metamorphic rock sight—"the Inartificial Gallery" which is black and white, devious and whirlabout and likes the reversal cloud-mist and rising sun, the granite vein injecting along the bedding of gneiss crossing the river-gorge—"the White Dragon Crossing River", nine veins apposing on the rock wall—"the Nine-dragon Wall","the Inartificial Wall " formed by the paragenesis of the level joint and the vertical joint, and the small and exquisite undercutting cave which is the wonder of the new tectonic movement.

有黑白相间、曲折盘旋，如云雾翻卷，似霞蔚蒸腾的变质岩景观――&天然画廊&，有沿片麻岩层理贯入的花岗岩脉，横跨河谷的&白龙过江&，有九条岩脉并列在岩壁之上的&九龙壁&，有水平节理与垂直节理巧妙共生而形成的&天然城墙&，有新构造运动遗迹――小巧玲珑的淘蚀洞穴。

Made a systematic analysis to the simulation results and educe these conclusions: The reinforcement action of pre-tensioned bolts supporting joints rock mass mainly externalizes in creasing the interlayer-pressure and roadway roof pressure.

预应力锚杆对层状顶板的加固机理是增加层间正压力，从而降低节理面之间的滑动位移，控制顶板离层量，降低巷道位移。预应力锚杆支护，是提高煤巷节理顶板稳定性的有效方法。

In this paper, a new rheological model of jointed rock mass reinforced by passive, fully grouted bolt has been proposed.

本文考虑锚固件在节理面上的局部行为，提出了一种新的加锚节理岩体流变模型，在此基础上推导了弹粘塑性本构关系并编制了三维有限元程序。

Proceeding from the thought of blasted fragments having the fractal characteristics, the calculation of blasted fragment sizes was related to the mechanism of blasting in jointed rock masses by the new concept of "rock mass fracture ratio" presented and , thus, the model of damage mechanics for blasting in rock masses was established, which reflects the blasting essence of both rock masses breaking along joint planes and rock breaking.

从爆破岩块具有分形特征的思想出发，通过提出&岩体破裂比率&概念，将爆破块度计算同节理岩体爆破机制相联系，建立起岩体爆破块度的损伤力学模型，该模型反映了岩体沿节理面破裂和岩石本身破裂的岩体爆破本质。

Under compressive stresses, tensional failure will occur in the rock bridge of the end of joint, which leads to connect new cracks of rock bridge with the nearby primary joints.

当节理在压应力作用下所产生的次生裂纹扩展达到相邻节理后，岩体就会产生贯通裂纹而破坏。

This enriched and developed the basic thought of numerical theory, resolved the bottleneck problem that astricts the development of numerical value analysis method, open up a new field for the geomechanic engineering application of 3-D network and numerical value analysis method, it's an available and essential attempt, it's also a necessary trend of numeric times development.

10通过岩体三维节理网络模拟，建立岩体结构的概化模型，基于数值法对岩体进行大量的&数值模拟试验&，获取岩体变形参数，丰富并拓展了数值模拟理论的基本思想，解决了选择岩体参数这一束缚数值分析方法发展的瓶颈问题，为数值分析方法和三维节理网络在岩土工程实践中的应用拓展了一片新的天地，是一种有益而且非常必要的尝试，也是数字时代发展的必然趋势，具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。

Joints Concept: Joints are fractures that show no evident displacement but obvious breakings.

一、节理节理的概念：没有显著位移可见明显破裂的断裂构造。

According to the attitude, spacing and length of the joint cracks, t heir probability distribution was deduced.

根据实测的节理裂隙产状、间距及迹线长度，推断节理裂隙概率分布特征。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。