色素蛋白

Review articles only; calretinin; fovea centralis; macula lutea; ora serrata; photoreceptors; rods; cones; optic tract; optic nerve; visual cortex; color vision; photoreception; opsin; rhodopsin; guanine nucleotide-binding protein; G protein-coupled receptors; ion channels (cyclic GMP-gated); guanylate cyclase; cyclic GMP; dark adaptation; visual pigments; polyenes; 11-cis-retinal; vitamin A; chromophores; arrestin; recoverin; phosducin; transducin; bipolar cells; retinal ganglion cells; retinal progenitor cells; amacrine cells; Mueller cells; light; retinogenesis; ommatidia; optic vesicles; retinitis pigmentosa; blindness; macular degeneration; blind spot; Mach bands; electroretinograms; binocular vision; visual acuity; vision; retina

唯一综述；钙网膜蛋白；中央凹；黄斑；锯齿缘；光感受器；杆状细胞；圆锥细胞；视束；视神经；直观皮层；色视觉；光感受；视蛋白；视紫质；鸟苷酸-结合蛋白；G蛋白-电偶受体；离子通道；鸟苷酸环化酶；环鸟苷酸；暗适应；视色素；多烯；11 - cis -视网膜；抗干眼醇；发色团；抑制蛋白；恢复蛋白；phosducin；转导蛋白；双极细胞；视网膜神经节细胞；视网膜祖细胞；无长突细胞；米勒细胞；光；retinogenesis；小眼；视泡；色素性视网膜炎；盲的黄斑变性；盲点；马赫带；视网膜电流图；双目视觉

We got the result: Bufo Raddei Strauch Tadpole (1) Bufo Raddei Strauch Tadpole was capable of lens regeneration, which originated from the epithelial cells at iris dorsal margin by dipigmentation.(2) Dipigmentation of Bufo Raddei Strauch by two methods: one was licked up by amoebocyte, the other one was flowed from the pigment cells.(3) In the lens regeneration cells of Bufo Raddei Strauch profiles of the mitochondria became complicated ribosome manifold, and the endoplasmic reticulum was cisternal dilation. During the process of deferentiation of lens fiber the cell nucleolus became little and chromatin shrinked.(4)The crystalline electrophoresis of Bufo Raddei Strauch Tadpole lens regeneration showed that during lens regeneration P-crystalline was expressed earliest then was γ-crystalline and α-crystallin, this result is consistent with newt.

结果表明：花背蟾蜍蝌蚪(1)具有晶状体再生的能力，其晶状体的再生来源于虹膜背缘的上皮细胞；(2)虹膜背缘去色素是转分化的前提，主要有两种方式：一种也是最主要的方式是在晶状体被摘除后虹膜外侧产生巨噬细胞，巨噬细胞吞噬虹膜色素上皮细胞中的色素颗粒；另一种方式是虹膜色素上皮细胞自身释放色素颗粒；(3)电镜观察发现虹膜色素上皮细胞转分化过程中线粒体有明显变化，核糖体增多，粗面内质网增多，晶状体纤维分化过程中细胞核逐渐凝聚；(4)SDS-PAGE电泳发现，花背蟾蜍蝌蚪晶状体再生中相关蛋白表达顺序与有尾类蝾螈相似，蛋白表达顺序依次是β-晶状体蛋白、γ-晶状体蛋白和α-晶状体蛋白，并且后两种蛋白几乎同时表达。

In previous studies, he and his research group used a laser-based technique they developed called two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to track the flow of excitation energy through both time and space.

利用这个最先进的两维电子光谱，科学家们清晰地观察到能量在色素蛋白复合体内的传导过程。

This program is to explore the high tech and traditional breeding of a new variety of porphyra haitanensis, in hope of its fast growth, high quality and endurance of high temperature. this variety has been growing various areas, and it shows that is yield increases above to 26 %-30%, and the content of three main pigments (phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and chlorophyll a) increases 10 % at least. and it has stronger capability of resisting disease and fester.

本项目利用人工诱变和体细胞单克隆技术等高新技术和传统的选择育种相结合的方法，分离出生长快、优质，高产，抗高温等的优良品种，在生产上大面积推广应用，并获得了分离坛紫菜稳定色素突变体的技术和建立坛紫菜的快速良种选育实用技术；新品种亩产提高26%-30%，3种主要色素(藻红蛋白、藻蓝蛋白、叶绿素a)提高10%以上，抗病烂能力较强。

This program is to explore the high tech and traditional breeding of a new variety of Porphyra haitanensis, in hope of its fast growth, high quality and endurance of high temperature. This variety has been growing various areas, and it shows that is yield increases above to 26 %-30%, and the contentof three main pigments (phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and chlorophyll a) increases 10 % at least. And it has stronger capability of resisting disease and fester.

本项目利用人工诱变和体细胞单克隆技术等高新技术和传统的选择育种相结合的方法，分离出生长快、优质，高产，抗高温等的优良品种，在生产上大面积推广应用，并获得了分离坛紫菜稳定色素突变体的技术和建立坛紫菜的快速良种选育实用技术；新品种亩产提高26%-30%，3种主要色素（藻红蛋白、藻蓝蛋白、叶绿素a）提高10%以上，抗病烂能力较强。

However, the cell wall cultured at high concentration of Cu2+(10～200 mg/L) was clearly thickened and became multiple layers, and the pigment decreased and the pyrenoid became one or disappeared. Low concentration of Cu2+(0.01 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L) did not affect the growth of Chlorococcum sp., but the growth became slow and even negative beyond the concentration of 0.1 mg/L.

与对照BG11培养的绿球藻比较，0.01～1 mg/L Cu2+浓度下培养的绿球藻，细胞壁无明显增厚，色素没有多大变化，但蛋白核由一个变为多个；而在高浓度(10～200 mg/L Cu2+)下，细胞壁明显增厚为多层，色素减少，蛋白核减少并回复到1个或消失。

6Ps. This time is supposed to be the average of the time for energy transfer from LHCⅡ to the PS Ⅱ reaction center and that for the primary charge separation in PS Ⅱ reaction center.

在PSⅡ颗粒中，8.6ps组分是与光化学过程有关的时间常数，它可能是从LHCⅡ色素蛋白复合物向反应中心等的能量传递及在反应中心中的原初电荷分离过程的平均时间常数

Mainly using protein - film voltammetric technique, we have achieved direct electrochemical response of lots of proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytocrome c, cytocrome b5, horseradish peroxiase, GOD ,Vitreoscillia sp. haemoglobin, etc., at a series of protein membrane modified electrodes, for instance, protein/kieselgubr, protein/polyethylene glycol, protein/polyethyleneimine, protein/phosphatidylcholine, protein/DNA, protein/montmorillonite/polyvinyl alcohol, protein/silver nanoparticle/ cysteamine membrane modified electrode, etc., which are prepared by casting, incorperating or layer by layer self-assembly methods. Electrochemical behavior of these proteins in the films have been studied, and their structural and conformational changes have also been examined with spectrometric techniques.

三年来，在基金委的支持下，我们以蛋白膜伏安法这一新技术作为主要的研究手段，并结合其他生物、化学技术，研究了血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、细胞色素C、细胞色素b5、辣根过氧化物酶、葡萄糖氧化酶以及好氧革兰式阴性菌透明颤菌中的血红素类蛋白等多种蛋白质在以涂布和自组装方法制成的蛋白质/硅藻土膜、蛋白质/聚乙二醇膜、蛋白质/卵磷脂膜、蛋白质/聚乙烯亚胺膜、蛋白质/蒙托石/聚乙烯醇自组装膜以及蛋白质/银胶/半胱胺自组装膜等修饰电极上的直接电化学行为，结合各种光谱技术，对蛋白质在膜中的构象进行表征，探索其电子传递机理。

In the dark, CPⅠ, the major chlorophyll-protein complex of the PSⅠ reaction center, was absent. But the core polypeptides PsaA/B were existed clearly. At the same time, P700 was not detected in dark-grown cells.

暗培养衣藻细胞中，PSI中主要的色素蛋白复合物-CPI完全缺失，然而核心多肽PsaA/B仍有一定量的积累，同时检测不到P700的含量。

The results show that shade of cocoon and reeling silk are all even and bright. Color depth in the cocoon is directly proportional to the concentration of additional pigment. With respect to cocoon color, no difference occurs to the male or female when fed with the same concentrated pigment. Within the range of certain concentrations, the red pigment has little effect on the quality of cocoon and cocoon filament. The red pigment has a fast bond with protein. Color of sericin, fibroin, pupa, moth and egg shell are all red.

结果表明：所营蚕茧及所缫蚕丝色泽均匀、鲜艳；蚕茧的色彩深度与添加的色素浓度呈正比；添食同种浓度的色素所得的蚕茧色彩在雌雄之间无差异；经调查，在一定的浓度范围内红色色素对茧丝质无影响；红色色素与蛋白结合牢固，无论丝胶、丝素还是蛹体、蛾体或卵壳均呈红色。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。