色素形成

Taking Shewanella and Geobacter as examples, this paper reviewed three kinds of possible mechanisms of microbial enzyme-catalyzed dissimilatory Fe reduction and its molecular regulation, i.e., direct contact between microbial cell and Fe oxides, siderrophores, and electron shuttling compounds. Many membrane-bound cytochrome proteins are involved in the dissimilatory Fe reduction, forming a complicated regulation network.

以希瓦氏菌和地杆菌为例，本文综述了3种异化Fe还原的酶促反应机制及其分子调控机理：异化Fe还原菌与Fe氧化物直接接触机制、电子穿梭体的作用机制、铁载体作用机制，多种膜蛋白特别是多血红素的细胞色素蛋白参与微生物的异化Fe还原过程，并形成复杂的调控网络。

Classically, the skin lesions occur perinatally in four successive stages: inflammatory vesicular (stage 1), verrucous (stage 2), hyperpigmented (stage 3), and scarring (stage 4), along the lines of Blaschko, reflecting the somatic mosaicism of X-chromosome inactivation in female patients.

典型的皮肤表现发生在周产期并可区分为四个阶段：发炎水泡，疣状增生，色素沉著和疤痕形成，而这些病灶都沿著Blaschko's line分布。它代表了女性患者身上一种嵌合型X染色体异常的现象。

Several basic tenrts of otolith research have been questioned recently with regard to eel metamorphosis.specifically,some researchers have suggested that otolith increment formation is not daily,and otolith material may be resorped during metamorphosis.we conducted a rearing experiment to test the hypothesis that increment formation is daily and that the otolith continues to grow during eel metamorphosis.we marked the otolith of wild-caught leptocephali and reared these fish through metamorphosis.metamorphosis was characterized by a decreasing standard length,pre-anal length,and body depth accompanied by an increase in pigmentation and a change in behavior.

最近学者关注的鳗的耳石的研究的几个最基本的问题涉及到鳗的变形。尤其是很多研究者认为耳石的日轮沉积并非是每天的，耳石的材质可能是会在变态过程中被重吸收一部分。我们做了个养殖的实验来测试鳗鲡耳石的形成的每天一轮而且在鳗鲡的变态发育阶段耳石是在继续生长的。我们标记了野外捕捞的蠕鳗幼体，养过变态期。变态期是通过标准长度，肛前长和体高的减少和色素的减少以及行为的变化来定义的。

The oxidase system includes both membrane-bound and soluble cytosolic proteins. The primary feature of this enzyme is stimulus-dependent activation and which mechanism is the phosphorylation and translocation of a complex of cytosolic factors to the membrane, where they associate with a flavocytochrome enzyme.The fully assembled complex functions as an electron transport system,moving electrons from cytosolic NADPH to molecular oxygen to form superoxide anion（O2-）, which, along with subsequent reactive products called respiratory burst,exerts microbicidal and cytotoxic activities.

此氧化酶体系包括膜结合的和可溶的胞浆蛋白，其主要特征为依赖刺激而活化，机制为复合体的胞浆因子磷酸化并转位至膜，在这里与细胞色素酶相关联，组装完全的复合体在功能上作为一个电子转运体系，从胞浆NADPH转移电子给分子氧形成超氧阴离子（O2-），伴随着接下来的活性物质产生，也叫呼吸爆发，发挥抗菌和抗细胞毒素的活性。

The simple pigment epithelial cell layer, the optic ventricle, the primitive neuroblastic layer and the peripheral fibrous layer were observed. The number of both the retinal layer and cellular layer increases in the 35 day old Giant panda.

发现胚后64小时龄大熊猫视网膜的分化程度很低，色素层已形成，但视泡腔明显；神经层由外面数层长梭形、内面数层圆形细胞核及无核的纤维层构成。35天龄大熊猫视网膜细胞层次增多。

Rumex extract works by inhibiting the production of tyrosinase, an enzyme present in human skin and that is responsible for the formation of pigmentation which causes color in skin.

鲁梅克斯提取物工程通过抑制酪氨酸酶的生产，一种酶，目前在人体皮肤，这是负责的形成，色素沉著，导致皮肤颜色的。

Rumex extract works by inhibiting the production of tyrosinase, an enzyme present in human skin and that is responsible for the formation of pigmentation which causes color in skin.

鲁梅克斯提取物工程通过抑制酪氨酸酶的生产，一种酶，目前在人体皮肤，这是负责的形成，色素沉着，导致皮肤颜色的。

On examination, the skin manifestations revealed multiple erythematous annular or serpiginous patches studded with tiny pustules over the trunk, groins and extremities. The histopathology disclosed subcorneal pustules infiltrated by neutrophils, and the immunofluorescent studies showed negative findings. Furthermore, the patient responded well to dapsone treatment in 3 weeks.

理学检查皮肤表现呈多发性红斑或形成环型排列并伴随小脓疱的发生，主要分布於胸腹部与四肢，皮肤病理切片显示角质层下之脓疱内含以嗜中性球为主之浸润，而免疫萤光检查和血清学检查都无异常发现，病人对dapsone治疗有极佳的反应，病灶在治疗后三周几乎完全消失，仅留下皮肤色素沉著。

Results:(1) The conchosporangia of brown yellow mutant was smaller and mature time was 15 days later than the parents. Thallus grew slowly in early stage, but average daily growth rate reached (7.50±1.18) cm after blade length was over 60 cm.(2)The emerald conchocelis were easy to mature and had special developmental mode that the spherulocytes can directly develop into sporangial branchlets and conchosporangia without thick conchocelis stage. Emerald blades were low in RPE with just (6.4710±0.0184) mg/g dry mass. The thallus grew quickly, average daily growth rate reached (11.95±2.33) cm after blade length was over 60 cm.(3) The conchocelis filaments of breen mutant were thin and short. Thallus grew slowly and had low contents of three phycobiliprotenin and chlorophyl.

实验进行50d。结果：(1)褐黄色突变体藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白含量低；孢子囊枝的细胞较小，且大量形成时间比亲本晚15d；幼苗培养初期日平均生长量仅为(1.22±0.28)cm，当叶片长到60cm左右时生长优势逐步凸显，日平均生长量可达(7.50±1.18)cm；(2)翠绿色丝状体容易成熟，发育方式特殊，营养藻丝不经过藻丝加粗阶段，直接由球形细胞发育成孢子囊枝和壳孢子囊；翠绿色叶状体藻红蛋白含量低，仅有(5.5130±1.0496)mg/g；叶状体生长快速，60cm长的藻体日平均生长量高达(11.95±2.33)cm；(3)褐绿色突变体藻蓝蛋白、别藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白这3种色素蛋白和叶绿素的含量均较低；藻丝细胞短且细，叶状体生长速度较慢。

The results showed:(1) The histological changes of KC were in fact a wound-repair process;(2) The increased melanin in KC coordinated with "multi-overlapping screen" effect, a result of multiple layers of "supranuclear cap", was the direct cause of hyperpigmentation of the graft and (3) The hydrolytic disturbance of melanin in KC and the longer life span of the KC were probably the important reasons for the increase of melanin in the epidermis.

结果表明，角朊细胞的组织学改变实际上是一个损伤后修复的过程；角朊细胞内黑色素含量增加及出现的多层次的&核上帽&状分布而形成的&多重帘幕&效应，是皮片过度色素化的直接原因；黑色素在角朊细胞内的降解障碍及角朊细胞更新周期延长可能是表皮内黑色素含量增多的重要原因。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。