色素

We got the result: Bufo Raddei Strauch Tadpole (1) Bufo Raddei Strauch Tadpole was capable of lens regeneration, which originated from the epithelial cells at iris dorsal margin by dipigmentation.(2) Dipigmentation of Bufo Raddei Strauch by two methods: one was licked up by amoebocyte, the other one was flowed from the pigment cells.(3) In the lens regeneration cells of Bufo Raddei Strauch profiles of the mitochondria became complicated ribosome manifold, and the endoplasmic reticulum was cisternal dilation. During the process of deferentiation of lens fiber the cell nucleolus became little and chromatin shrinked.(4)The crystalline electrophoresis of Bufo Raddei Strauch Tadpole lens regeneration showed that during lens regeneration P-crystalline was expressed earliest then was γ-crystalline and α-crystallin, this result is consistent with newt.

结果表明：花背蟾蜍蝌蚪(1)具有晶状体再生的能力，其晶状体的再生来源于虹膜背缘的上皮细胞；(2)虹膜背缘去色素是转分化的前提，主要有两种方式：一种也是最主要的方式是在晶状体被摘除后虹膜外侧产生巨噬细胞，巨噬细胞吞噬虹膜色素上皮细胞中的色素颗粒；另一种方式是虹膜色素上皮细胞自身释放色素颗粒；(3)电镜观察发现虹膜色素上皮细胞转分化过程中线粒体有明显变化，核糖体增多，粗面内质网增多，晶状体纤维分化过程中细胞核逐渐凝聚；(4)SDS-PAGE电泳发现，花背蟾蜍蝌蚪晶状体再生中相关蛋白表达顺序与有尾类蝾螈相似，蛋白表达顺序依次是β-晶状体蛋白、γ-晶状体蛋白和α-晶状体蛋白，并且后两种蛋白几乎同时表达。

ResultsYAG laser could healing the pigment pathological changes, chromatophore present vacuolus.But the Vallate frame remaining Integrity.The surrounding tissue of chromatophore have not injury and still survival. Macrophage was heightened, pigment granule appear in the cell.

结果：YAG激光治疗色素病变可以消失，色素细胞呈现空泡状，但色素细胞轮廓的框架仍可完整保留，色素细胞周围组织并未受损伤仍可存活，并可见巨噬细胞增多，该细胞内出现色素颗粒。

The radical scavenging activity of Laminaria japonica pigments was studied by the DPPH2,2-Diphenyl~(-1-picrylhydrazylassay. The total pigments showed a strong DPPH radical scavenging activity of 65.819% with the concentration of 0.52mg.ml~(-1). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of fucoxanthin was 19.85% with the concentration of 0.27mg.ml~(-1). The antimicrobial activity of pigment in Laminaria japonica was studied by the method of round paper. The results showed that the pigment extracts have activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Saricina flava and Saccharomyes cerevisia. The antibacterial activity of total pigments for Saccharomyes cerevisia was the strongest with an inhibition diameter of 18.9 mm; and the antibacterial activity of fucoxanthin for Saricina flava was also much significant with an inhibition diameter of 10.2 mm.

测定了它们对自由基的清除率和对四种细菌的抑菌效果，研究结果表明，总色素和褐藻黄素的浓度与自由基清除率成正比，当总色素浓度为0.52mg.ml~(-1)时，清除率达到65.819%，高于陆生植物黑米色素和紫甘薯色素；当褐藻黄素浓度为0.27mg.ml~(-1)时，自由基清除率达到19.85%，低于紫苏色素、紫甘蓝色素、黑米色素、紫甘薯色素；对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、八叠球菌、金黄葡萄球菌的抑菌实验结果显示，海带总色素对金黄葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最强，抑菌圈直径为18.9mm；褐藻黄素对八叠球菌的抑菌活性相对较强，抑菌圈直径为10.2mm。

The A238/A440 was less than 0.20, the product rate was 48.91%, colourity was 218.12. The pigment was sensitive to acid , oxidant and Fe2 Cu2. This paper has proved that the pigment maintain stable under protection of glucose, sucrose and lactose. Meanwhile, the pigment showed heat- stability, preserve-stability and high-colored capacity in beverage, frozen foods and milk products.

采用凝胶层析法对栀子黄色素进行精制，原液中的A_(238/)A_(440)降到0.20以下，得率为48.91％，色素色价达到237.64 精制色素的稳定性实验表明：精制后的色素用于面食后没有绿变现象发生；酸性条件下色素的稳定性很差；糖能提高色素的稳定性；氧化剂会使色素褪色；还原剂和防腐剂对色素的稳定性影响不大；Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+)对色素的稳定性影响较大；色素在饮料、冷冻食品和乳制品中的着色效果良好。

［Objective］To explore the technique of arthroscopy plus radiotherapy in the treatment of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee and to evaluate its clinical value［Method］A total of 14 cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee were treated from January 2000 to July 2003Intraarticular excision under arthroscope with a combined application of routine intrusments and Bipolar radiofrequency was performed on all these 14 cases,and postoperative radiotherapy for diffused pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee,13 patients were followed up for 10~45 months,and were evaluated for range of motion,pain,swelling effusion［Result］Thirteen cases according to the International Knee Documentation Committeecriteria,subjective knee score was (587+64) and (865 ±57) respectively before surgery and at the last followup［Conclusion］In case of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee joint,arthroscopical synovectomy can make good surgical results,and postoperative radiotherapy is an effective treatment for diffused pigmented vilionoclular synovitis of the knee

作者：王晓旭，廖瑛，黄华扬，席雅文，李朝旭，韩志关节镜；放射治疗；膝关节；滑膜炎；色素绒毛结节性摘要：［目的］探讨采用关节镜结合放射治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的方法及其临床应用价值。［方法］2000年1月～2003年7月，共收治14例膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎患者，采用关节镜下常规器械加双极射频进行关节内病变切除，术后弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎辅以放疗，13例通过10~45个月的随访，了解患膝活动度、疼痛、肿胀情况。［结果］13例随访患者，术前国际膝关节评分委员会膝关节功能主观评分为（587±64）分，最后随访时，IKDC膝关节功能主观评分为（865±57）分。［结论］通过关节镜能完成膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎滑膜较彻底切除，对弥漫性膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎辅以术后放疗是一种有效方法。

The results shown that:(1) Bufo raddei Strauch tadpole was capable of lens regeneration, which originated from the epithelial cells at dorsal iris margin by depigmentation.(2) Depigmentation of Bufo raddei Strauch during lens regeneration was by two methods: First, pigment granules initially dispersed all over the cytoplasm were moved towards the periphery of the cell, and then were directly taken up by the amoeboid cells. Second, pigment granules in a cell were first crowded in a mass, surrounded by a membranous structure in the cytoplasm, which were eventually discharged as a mass from the cell.

结果表明：花背蟾蜍蝌蚪(1)具有晶状体再生的能力，其晶状体的再生来源于虹膜背缘的上皮细胞；(2)虹膜背缘去色素是转分化的前提，主要有两种方式：一种也是最主要的方式是在晶状体被摘除后虹膜外侧产生巨噬细胞，巨噬细胞吞噬虹膜色素上皮细胞中的色素颗粒；另一种方式是虹膜色素上皮细胞自身释放色素颗粒；(3)电镜观察发现虹膜色素上皮细胞转分化过程中线粒体有明显变化，核糖体增多，粗面内质网增多，晶状体纤维分化过程中细胞核逐渐凝聚。

The extraction and stability of the pigments in Tussilago farfara L. were studied. The experimental results showed that the pigments could be solved in acetone. The stability of the pigments is good when pH is within 3~9; the oxidizing agents, reducing agents and common food additives have little influence on its stability; it is react too much with Fe(superscript 3+) ion, and Na(superscript +) ion showed a certain increment effect on the color; the heat performance of the pigments is good when under 60℃.

研究了款冬花色素的热稳定性、氧化还原稳定性和pH值稳定性，并对常用的几种食品添加剂对款冬花色素的稳定性进行了探讨，结果表明：款冬花色素易溶于丙酮，属于脂溶性色素；在pH＝3～9时，款冬花色素的稳定性较好；氧化还原剂及食品添加剂对其稳定性影响不大，Fe(上标 3+)金属离子对其影响显著，Na有增色作用；水浴温度在60℃以下色素的热稳定性较好。

The pigment of Berberis heteropoda Schrenk is a type of anchocyanin and it is strong in resistance against light and to some extent, good in enduring heat and low consistence oxide. But it is poor in resistance against reductant and preservative. It can be applied to the condition of PH. It is also found that sucrose and most of metal ions do not exert negative effects on the stability of the pigment, except Fe3+, Fe2+and low consistence Pb2+, which have some extent effects. Adding stability matter can improve its stability. The harm trace elements contains are within requirement of the National Standard on food safety, As the lexicological study indicates that the pigment does not have any toxicity and mutagenesis, it can be used as edible pigment.

结果表明：大孔树脂吸附-解吸附法纯化黑果小檗色素实验室工艺简单易行，色素回收率高；黑果小檗色素属于花色苷类色素；耐光性好；对热有一定耐受性；对低浓度氧化剂有一定耐受性；耐还原性差；对防腐剂耐性差；适用PH＜6条件下使用；蔗糖和大多数金属离子对色素无不良影响，但Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、Sn~(2+)和低浓度pb~(2+)对色素有影响，加入稳定剂后，可提高色素的耐热性、耐氧化性、耐防腐剂能力；经对有害微量元素进行检测和毒理试验表明，该色素安全无毒，可以作为天然食用色素使用。

The hydroxyl radical scavenging effects of safflower yellow, gardeniayellow, red radish color, purple sweet-potato red color and redcabbage color were detected in vitro with fluorescence spectrophotometry, andthe results make sure that all of the five pigments have some scavenging effects on thehydroxyl radical, though each pigment didn't have the same change trend.

用荧光分光光度法检测红花黄色素、栀子黄色素、红萝卜色素、紫甘薯色素、紫甘蓝色素等五种色素体外清除羟自由基的作用，结果证实SY、GY、RRC、PSPRC、RCC等五种色素对羟自由基都有一定的清除作用，每种色素的变化趋势不完全相同。

Qingdao violet pigment Co., Ltd. is a China manufacturing and sales of natural food coloring for a professional company, main products include: purple sweet potato red pigment, red pigment cabbage, grape skin red pigment, radish red pigment, perilla red pigment, rosmarinic acid , Chlorophyll, Gardenia yellow, gardenia blue, gardenia green pigment, sodium copper chlorophyll, soluble pigment of turmeric, hot pepper essence, hot pepper red, red rice red, Monascus red, safflower yellow pigment, lutein powder Su-, etc. and white. 90% pigment products exported to Europe, America, Japan, Korea and other countries.

青岛紫光色素有限公司是中国天然食用色素生产销售的专业公司，生产的主要产品有：紫甘薯红色素，甘蓝红色素，葡萄皮红色素，萝卜红色素，紫苏红色素，迷迭香酸，叶绿素，栀子黄色素，栀子蓝色素，栀子绿色素，叶绿素铜钠盐，水溶姜黄色素，辣椒精，辣椒红，红米红，红曲红，红花黄色素，叶黄素粉和白色素等。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。