船舶的

Deviation or delay in prosecuting the voyage contemplated by the policy is excusedWhere arthorised by any special term in the policy ;or Where caused by circumstances beyond the control of the master and his employer;or Where reasonably necessary in order to comply with an express or implied warranty;or Where reasonably necessary for the safety of the ship or subject-matter insured; or For the purpose of saving human life, or aiding a ship in distress where human life may be in danger; or Where reasonably necessary for the purpose of obtaining medical or surgical aid for any person on board the ship;or Where caused by the barratrous conduct of the master or crew, if barratry be one of the perils insured against.

（1）船舶在进行保险单预期的航次中，下述绕航或延迟可允许：保险单中任何特别条款授权许可者，或船长和其雇员不能控制的情况造成的；或为遵循明示或默示保证所合理必须的；或为船舶和保险标的的安全所合理必要的；或为了救助人命或为援助有人命危险的遇难船舶；或为船上任何人员及时得到内、外科治疗所合理必要的；或如果"船长、船员恶意损害被保险人利益的行为"系承保风险，由于该恶意行为造成的。（2）一旦允许绕航或迟延的原因停止作用，船舶必须合理尽速地回复原航线并继续其航程。

Deviation or delay in prosecuting the voyage contemplated by the policy is excusedWhere arthorised by any special term in the policy ;or Where caused by circumstances beyond the control of the master and his employer;or Where reasonably necessary in order to ply with an express or implied warranty;or Where reasonably necessary for the safety of the ship or subject-matter insured; or For the purpose of saving human life, or aiding a ship in distress where human life may be in danger; or Where reasonably necessary for the purpose of obtaining medical or surgical aid for any person on board the ship;or Where caused by the barratrous conduct of the master or crew, if barratry be one of the perils insured against

（1）船舶在进行保险单预期的航次中，下述绕航或延迟可允许：保险单中任何特别条款授权许可者，或船长和其雇员不能控制的情况造成的；或为遵循明示或默示保证所合理必须的；或为船舶和保险标的的安全所合理必要的；或为了救助人命或为援助有人命危险的遇难船舶；或为船上任何人员及时得到内、外科治疗所合理必要的；或如果"船长、船员恶意损害被保险人利益的行为"系承保风险，由于该恶意行为造成的。（2）一旦允许绕航或迟延的原因停止作用，船舶必须合理尽速地回复原航线并继续其航程。

Thirdly, it collect the ship mechanical accidents of the main Chinese shipping company ,and then sorts them out as four items: equipmentname, typical trouble, monitoring parameters, consequence; uncovers the internal relation among man,machine,circumstance and management, establishes a relation database between condition monitoring and typical trouble for the engine-room equipments ; refering to the SMSC-2000 marine engine-room simulator in Shanghai Maritime University, it divides the engine-room system into eight subsystems, designs the monitoring interfaces which is marked with the monitoring parameters, detects the running engine-room machine by use of trouble analysis and information syncretizing, and builds up the condition monitoring system of engine-room machines.

其次，对近十几年来的国内主要航运企业中的重大船舶机损事故搜集，按设备名称、典型故障、监测参数和后果进行整理、分析和总结；揭示了船舶机损事故中人、机、环境和管理之间的内在联系：以我院的轮机模拟器SMSC-2000参照，把船舶机舱各设备划分为8大系统，确定了标注有监测参数的各系统简图，并运用信息融合和故障诊断技术对机舱重要设备的运行状态进行监测，建立起机舱设备的运行监测系统。再次，提出了以人、机、环境和管理四大安全要素为评估指标，给出了四者间的权重系数计算方法，提出了线性加权综合模型来最终对机舱设备进行安全评估，得出安全等级，指导船舶管理人员进行管理。

The first chapter studies on the common reason of the extinguishment of security right on ships on the whole.

第一章从整体研究的角度，对引起三种船舶担保物权消灭的共同原因作了探讨，其中主要论述了船舶担保物权人行使船舶担保物权、债权登记与受偿程序、司法拍卖／变卖、担保的提供、行政机关的行为等对船舶担保物权消灭的影响，是文章的主要部分。

Internationally navigating vessels shall, in addition, conform to the relevant international conventions, meet the corresponding conditions for navigability and fitness for carriage, be inspected to be qualified by a vessel inspection institution accredited by the Maritime Safety Administration of the People's Republic of China, obtain corresponding inspection certificate and documents, and be in good conditions.

第十七条载运危险货物的船舶，其船体、构造、设备、性能和布置等方面应当符合国家船舶检验的法律、行政法规、规章和技术规范的规定，国际航行船舶还应当符合有关国际公约的规定，具备相应的适航、适装条件，经中华人民共和国海事局认可的船舶检验机构检验合格，取得相应的检验证书和文书，并保持良好状态。

The approximate solution to FPK equation isobtained. The joint probability density function and stationary mean out-crossing rateare investigated for ship nonlinear rolling subjected to additive white noise excitation.Melnikov function and phase space flux are applied to analyze highly nonlinear rolland capsizing of ships in the random seas. The variation of phase space flux withrespect to the characteristic wave period, significant wave height and damping ofships is studied.

求FPK方程近似解，研究白噪声激励下船舶非线性横摇运动的联合概率密度函数及稳定期望穿阈率，应用Melnikov函数和相空间转移率研究船舶在随机波浪中的强非线性横摇运动及其倾覆问题，考虑波浪特征周期、有义波高及船舶阻尼特性的变化规律，推导了船舶在随机横浪中的极限波高的表达式。

However, in the new situations there are still many problems cannot be neglected, such as un-uniform understanding of ideological and political work of ocean shipping, commissars lack of power and interest, low making of some commissars, deficiency of navigation education, psychology problems of sailors, etc.

但是当前的新形势下，我国远洋船舶思想政治工作仍然存在着一些不容忽视的问题，如对船舶思想政治工作认识不统一、船舶政委在权与利方面的缺失与弱化、部分船舶政委素质偏低，此外，船员队伍中也存在着一些问题。这些问题的存在有体制上和思想认识上的原因，同时，也由于我国航海教育存在着不足之处、远洋船员的心理健康问题未受到足够重视。

A great lot of facts indicate that the navigation performance of ships is good in quiet water, but not always good in waves. Whether the performance of ships is superior or inferior mainly depends on their performance in waves. The seakeeping of ships has become an important criterion which can scale the navigation performance of ships.

大量事实表明，一艘在静水中航行性能优良的船舶，在波浪上的航行性能并不一定是优良的，船舶性能的优劣，主要看它在实际海洋环境中的性能，船舶耐波性的好坏已成为衡量现代化船舶航行性能的重要衡准之一。

Moreover, it can reduce and avoid to some extent the losses suffered by ship's creditors and provide a good legal circumstance for the booming development of ship financing and service trade at sea.

本文全面论述了船舶物权保护制度的内容、结构；通过比较英美法系和大陆法系主要国家、地区关于船舶物权法律规范的不同规定，从多个角度分析了各国船舶物权保护制度的特点，并参阅、分析了英美法系国家一些重要的海事判例；介绍了相关的国际公约；尤其对我国船舶物权保护的一些具体问题作了较为深入的研究，希望对我国《海商法》第2章的修改有所裨益。这既是作者在本文中进行研究的出发点，也是最终目的。

To meet the demands of Fujian liquefied natural gas station 100,000 tons ship dock navigation safety assessment, this thesis gave a brief introduction about how to apply ship handling simulator, construced ship movement mathematics mode, made appropriate digital sea map, overlaid CAD dock data, constructed virtual navigation circumstance, designed assessment blue print, developed ship track route comprehensive display system, etc.

为了满足对福建液化天然气站线10万t级液化天然气船舶码头工程通航安全评估需求，就通航安全评估工作中的船舶操纵模拟器运用、船舶运动数学模型的建立、电子海图和码头CAD数据转换及叠加、虚拟通航环境生成、评估仿真模拟试验方案的设计与实施以及船舶航迹带生成系统等关键技术问题进行简要的论述。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。