船舶的

1 In ascertaining whether the Vessel is a constructive total loss, the insured value shall be taken as the repaired value and nothing in respect of the damaged or break-up value of the Vessel or wreck shall be taken into account.

19.1 在确定船舶是否构成推定全损时，船舶的保险价值应以船舶修理后的价值为准，不应考虑船舶或残骸的受损或解体价值。

1 In ascertaining whether the Vessel is a constructive total loss, the insured value in the insurance on hull and machinery shall be taken as the repaired value and nothing in respect of the damaged or break-up value of the Vessel or wreck shall be taken into account.

9.1 在确定船舶是否构成推定全损时，船舶的保险价值应以船舶修理后的价值为准，不应考虑船舶或残骸的受损或解体价值。

The stability criteria on the hydrostatics theories are used to estimate whether aship in the heavy seas capsize or not,this method ignores the time domaincharacteristics, frequency characteristics and the randomicity of ship motions. Thecapsizing accidents occur now and then although ships are designed according tostability criterion. So, it is also the important problem for human beings to investigatethe nonlinear characteristics of ship motions and evaluate the survival ability of ships.

目前的稳性标准是根据流体静力学理论来评判船舶在风浪中的安全行为，这种方法忽略了船舶运动的时域特性、频域特性及随机性，按照目前稳性规范设计的船舶仍然时有倾覆发生，因此研究船舶的非线性运动特性和评估船舶航行的生存能力，仍然是人类面临的重大课题。

And the main content of this paper is as the following:(1) The establishment of matching calculation platform of screw propeller and diesel engine.

柴油机是船舶的主要动力来源，螺旋桨是推进船舶前进的执行机构，二者性能的好坏以及匹配效果如何将直接影响到船舶的营运经济性能和航行安全性能；船舶冷却系统是柴油机高温受热部件正常、高效运行的重要保证，冷却系统的设计与选型适当与否将直接决定主机功率能否充分发挥。

The paper has studied and analyzed the ship target on water surface detailedly.

本文详细研究和分析了水面船舶目标的特点，针对船舶是人造目标，船体上布满了有棱有角的结构，在图像中存在众多的长直线边缘的特点，提出了使用角点和线段特征的检测方法，并根据水面和船舶的不同反光特征，实现了一种基于关系稳定性的船舶区域分割算法。

Oilmeans any persistent oil such as crude oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil, lubricating oil and whale oil, whether carried on board a ship as cargo or in the bunkers of such a ship.

"油类"是指任何持久性油类，例如原油、燃料油、重度柴油、润滑油以及鲸油，无论是作为货物装运于船舶之上，或装运于船舶的燃油舱内作为这类船舶的燃料。

The article first explains the concept of vessels and the quality and meaning of the rights of shipping of vessels. According to the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea, the article follows expounding the legal position of Internal waters, the territorial sea, the adjacent zone, the exclusive economic zone, International straits, archipelagic waters and the high seas, and analyzing the rights and obligations of coastal countries in above areas and the criminal jurisdiction and civil jurisdiction of the coastal country and the flag state. Then, the article clears up the rights of shipping of vessels in different areas, which is the main point of the paper. Circling this main point, the article further makes some advice to better our regulations on the law of the sea.

因此，本文从船舶的定义及船舶航行权的性质和意义入手，以《联合国海洋法公约》为依据，阐述了公约所划定的内水、领海、毗连区、专属经济区、国际海峡、群岛水域及公海的法律地位、分析沿海国在这些海域中的权利和义务，以及沿海国与船旗国对船舶的刑事、民事管辖权，进而明确了船舶在不同海域的航行权，并围绕这一中心问题，提出了完善我国海洋法律制度的相关建议。

The possessory lien on vessel as one kind of securities stipulated in our maritime law, not only itself has much more arguments on its theory, but also is very confusable with other kinds of securities, such as mortgage, maritime lien.

船舶留置权作为我国《海商法》规定的债的担保方式的一种，不但它本身的理论存在很多争议，而且极易与有关船舶的其他担保方式，如船舶抵押权、船舶优先权，发生混淆。

a mandatory testing device to prevent drunk driving is proposed.it can mandatorily test whether and how much a driver or a sailor on watch drunk.only when the alcoholicity of the exhalation breathed out by the people tested is normal,small type or automobiles can startup,the person on watch of a large ship can register as working.otherwise,if the alcoholicity is overproof,small type ships or automobiles can't startup,and neither does the device allow the person on watch register as working and it can inform the captain via alarm.in this way,drunk driving problem can be solved effectively only by setting a simple device.

该装置具有强制检测机动车驾驶员和船舶值班人员饮酒状态的功能，当被测人员呼出的气体酒精含量正常时，机动车或者小型船舶可以启动，大型船舶的值班人员可以记录为值班；当被测人员呼出的气体酒精含量超标时，机动车或者小型船舶无法启动，大型船舶的值班人员则不能记录为值班，同时可以通过报警器通知船长。这样，仅通过安装使用这样一个简单的装置，就有效地解决了酒后驾驶机动车和船员酒后值班的问题。

In the perils of the sea, may need to call for other party to salvage the ship in the perils, on some occasions the other party may salvage the ship initiatively. There may be disputes that concern the payment of Salvage Charges after the rescue action. If the ship in the peril has cargo on it, there may be some disputes on the General Average and others issues related. Furthermore, in the accident, the captain or the crew may salvage the ship by themselves, in this condition the Sue and Labour will occur.

在海难事故中，可能需要请求他方对遇难船舶进行救助或者他方主动对遇难船舶进行救助，这就会产生救助报酬的支付问题；如果发生海难事故当时船上还载运了货物，还会涉及到共同海损的相关问题；此外，在遭遇海难事故时，船东或者船上船员还可以采取自救措施对船舶进行救援，这就会涉及到对船舶的施救的问题。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。