船舶

First of all, based on the aid of AIS (Automatic Identification System), which can give us the target ship's accurate data and will implement in 2002, we study own ship's relative motion to target vessels, define DCPA and its sign, give mathematic model of collision avoidance, produce the optimal opportunity and action taking of collision avoidance, and obtain a graph of action-taking.

论文首先在2002年将要开始实施的船舶自动识别系统所能提供的准确目标船信息的基础上，研究本船相对于目标船的运动，定义DCPA的大小和符号，推导出船舶避碰数学模型，给出船舶最佳避让行动与时机，得出避让行动曲线图，并且明确最佳避让行动时机不是某个点，而是一个时间段。

C in ships other than passenger ships, as defined in Regulation 2 and of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended (the "SOLAS Convention"), sleeping rooms shall be situated above the load line amidships or aft, except that in exceptional cases, where the size, type or intended service of the ship renders any other location impracticable, sleeping rooms may be located in the fore part of the ship, but in no case forward of the collision bulkhead

c 在经修订的《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》第2和条所定义的客船以外的船舶上，卧室应位于船舶的中部或尾部的载重线以上，但在特殊情况下，因船舶的大小、类型或其预期的用途使卧室放在其他位置不可行，卧室可放在船艏部，但无论如何不得放在防撞舱壁之前

All sorts of inland river that have at that time from Guangdong carry shipping to look, because scientific guiding and management are lacked on boat type development, let things drift, so although have a few better ships type, but quite all sorts of one part is major even carriage shipping is dated and backward, line difference, draft is late, boat engine paddle does not match, speek of a ship or plane is small, cost can be high, economic benefits is poor, hang ship of paddle motor vessel especially.

从广东当时所拥有的各种内河运输船舶来看，由于在船型机型发展上缺乏科学的引导和治理，放任自流，所以虽有一些较好的船型机型，但相当一部分甚至大部分各种运输船舶都陈旧落后，线型差，吃水深，船机桨不匹配，航速低，耗能高，经济效益差，非凡是挂桨机船舶。

Deviation or delay in prosecuting the voyage contemplated by the policy is excused Where authorized by any special term in the policy; or Where caused by circumstances beyond the control of the master and his employer; or Where reasonably necessary in order to comply with an express or implied warranty; or Where reasonably necessary for the safety of the ship or subject-matter insured; or For the purpose of saving human life, or aiding a ship in distress where human life may be in danger; or Where reasonably necessary for the purpose of obtaining medical or surgical aid for any person on board the ship; or Where caused by the barratrous conduct of the master or crew, if barratry be one of the perils insured against.

船舶在完成保险单载明的航程中，下述绕航或延迟是许可的：保险单中特殊条款授权者；船长或其雇员不能控制的情况造成的；为遵循明示或默示保证所合理必要的；为船舶或保险标的的安全所合理必要的；为救助人命或为救护有人命危险的遇难船舶；为船上任何人员合理地及时得到内，外科治疗所合理必要的；如果"船长，船员欺诈恶行"是承保风险，由于船长或船员的欺诈恶行造成的。

1Deviation or delay in prosecuting the voyage contemplated by the policy is excusedWhere authorized by any special term in the policy; orWhere caused by circumstances beyond the control of the mast er and his employer; orWhere reasonably necessary in order to comply with an expres s or implied warranty; orWhere reasonably necessary for the safety of the ship or sub ject-matter insured; orFor the purpose of saving human life, or aiding a ship in di stress where human life may be in danger; or Where reasonably necessary for the purpose of obtaining med ical or surgical aid for any person on board the ship orWhere caused by the barratrous conduct of the master or crew , if barratry be one of the perils insured against.

1船舶在完成保险单载明的航程中，下述绕航或延迟是许可的：保险单中特殊条款授权者；船长或其雇员不能控制的情况造成的；为遵循明示或默示保证所合理必要的；为船舶或保险标的的安全所合理必要的；为救助人命或为救护有人命危险的遇难船舶；为船上任何人员合理地及时得到内，外科治疗所合理必要的；如果"船长，船员欺诈恶行"是承保风险，由于船长或船员的欺诈恶行造成的。

The shipowners referred to in the preceding paragraph shall include the charterer and the operator of a ship.

前款所称的船舶所有人，包括船舶承租人和船舶经营人。

Moreover, it can reduce and avoid to some extent the losses suffered by ship's creditors and provide a good legal circumstance for the booming development of ship financing and service trade at sea.

本文全面论述了船舶物权保护制度的内容、结构；通过比较英美法系和大陆法系主要国家、地区关于船舶物权法律规范的不同规定，从多个角度分析了各国船舶物权保护制度的特点，并参阅、分析了英美法系国家一些重要的海事判例；介绍了相关的国际公约；尤其对我国船舶物权保护的一些具体问题作了较为深入的研究，希望对我国《海商法》第2章的修改有所裨益。这既是作者在本文中进行研究的出发点，也是最终目的。

In the perils of the sea, may need to call for other party to salvage the ship in the perils, on some occasions the other party may salvage the ship initiatively. There may be disputes that concern the payment of Salvage Charges after the rescue action. If the ship in the peril has cargo on it, there may be some disputes on the General Average and others issues related. Furthermore, in the accident, the captain or the crew may salvage the ship by themselves, in this condition the Sue and Labour will occur.

在海难事故中，可能需要请求他方对遇难船舶进行救助或者他方主动对遇难船舶进行救助，这就会产生救助报酬的支付问题；如果发生海难事故当时船上还载运了货物，还会涉及到共同海损的相关问题；此外，在遭遇海难事故时，船东或者船上船员还可以采取自救措施对船舶进行救援，这就会涉及到对船舶的施救的问题。

To meet the demands of Fujian liquefied natural gas station 100,000 tons ship dock navigation safety assessment, this thesis gave a brief introduction about how to apply ship handling simulator, construced ship movement mathematics mode, made appropriate digital sea map, overlaid CAD dock data, constructed virtual navigation circumstance, designed assessment blue print, developed ship track route comprehensive display system, etc.

为了满足对福建液化天然气站线10万t级液化天然气船舶码头工程通航安全评估需求，就通航安全评估工作中的船舶操纵模拟器运用、船舶运动数学模型的建立、电子海图和码头CAD数据转换及叠加、虚拟通航环境生成、评估仿真模拟试验方案的设计与实施以及船舶航迹带生成系统等关键技术问题进行简要的论述。

Faculty of Marine Technology, Norwegian Institute of Technology, TRONDHEIM, Norway

网上对该学院设立的船舶流体力学系、船舶结构系、船舶系统设计系和船舶机械系以及专业学科、学制和从事的研究活动作了详细介绍。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。