船舶

The article first explains the concept of vessels and the quality and meaning of the rights of shipping of vessels. According to the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea, the article follows expounding the legal position of Internal waters, the territorial sea, the adjacent zone, the exclusive economic zone, International straits, archipelagic waters and the high seas, and analyzing the rights and obligations of coastal countries in above areas and the criminal jurisdiction and civil jurisdiction of the coastal country and the flag state. Then, the article clears up the rights of shipping of vessels in different areas, which is the main point of the paper. Circling this main point, the article further makes some advice to better our regulations on the law of the sea.

因此，本文从船舶的定义及船舶航行权的性质和意义入手，以《联合国海洋法公约》为依据，阐述了公约所划定的内水、领海、毗连区、专属经济区、国际海峡、群岛水域及公海的法律地位、分析沿海国在这些海域中的权利和义务，以及沿海国与船旗国对船舶的刑事、民事管辖权，进而明确了船舶在不同海域的航行权，并围绕这一中心问题，提出了完善我国海洋法律制度的相关建议。

Article 21 A maritime lien is the right of the claimant, subject to the provisions of Article 22 of this Code, to take priority in compensation against shipowners, bareboat charterers or ship operators with respect to the ship which gave rise to the said claim.

第二十一条船舶优先权，是指海事请求人依照本法第二十二条的规定，向船舶所有人、光船承租人、船舶经营人提出海事请求，对产生该海事请求的船舶具有优先受偿的权利。

Article 21 A maritime lien is the right of the claimant, subject to the provisions of Article 22 of this Code, to take priority in compensation against shipowners, bareboat charterers or ship operators with respect to the ship which gave rise to the said claim.

船舶留置权，船舶留置权，是指造船人，修船人在合同另一方未履行合同时，方未履行合同时，可以留置所占有的船舶，留置所占有的船舶，以保证造船费用或者修船费用得以偿还的权利。

Deviation or delay in prosecuting the voyage contemplated by the policy is excusedWhere arthorised by any special term in the policy ;or Where caused by circumstances beyond the control of the master and his employer;or Where reasonably necessary in order to comply with an express or implied warranty;or Where reasonably necessary for the safety of the ship or subject-matter insured; or For the purpose of saving human life, or aiding a ship in distress where human life may be in danger; or Where reasonably necessary for the purpose of obtaining medical or surgical aid for any person on board the ship;or Where caused by the barratrous conduct of the master or crew, if barratry be one of the perils insured against.

（1）船舶在进行保险单预期的航次中，下述绕航或延迟可允许：保险单中任何特别条款授权许可者，或船长和其雇员不能控制的情况造成的；或为遵循明示或默示保证所合理必须的；或为船舶和保险标的的安全所合理必要的；或为了救助人命或为援助有人命危险的遇难船舶；或为船上任何人员及时得到内、外科治疗所合理必要的；或如果&船长、船员恶意损害被保险人利益的行为&系承保风险，由于该恶意行为造成的。（2）一旦允许绕航或迟延的原因停止作用，船舶必须合理尽速地回复原航线并继续其航程。

Deviation or delay in prosecuting the voyage contemplated by the policy is excusedWhere arthorised by any special term in the policy ;or Where caused by circumstances beyond the control of the master and his employer;or Where reasonably necessary in order to ply with an express or implied warranty;or Where reasonably necessary for the safety of the ship or subject-matter insured; or For the purpose of saving human life, or aiding a ship in distress where human life may be in danger; or Where reasonably necessary for the purpose of obtaining medical or surgical aid for any person on board the ship;or Where caused by the barratrous conduct of the master or crew, if barratry be one of the perils insured against

（1）船舶在进行保险单预期的航次中，下述绕航或延迟可允许：保险单中任何特别条款授权许可者，或船长和其雇员不能控制的情况造成的；或为遵循明示或默示保证所合理必须的；或为船舶和保险标的的安全所合理必要的；或为了救助人命或为援助有人命危险的遇难船舶；或为船上任何人员及时得到内、外科治疗所合理必要的；或如果&船长、船员恶意损害被保险人利益的行为&系承保风险，由于该恶意行为造成的。（2）一旦允许绕航或迟延的原因停止作用，船舶必须合理尽速地回复原航线并继续其航程。

The possessory lien on vessel as one kind of securities stipulated in our maritime law, not only itself has much more arguments on its theory, but also is very confusable with other kinds of securities, such as mortgage, maritime lien.

船舶留置权作为我国《海商法》规定的债的担保方式的一种，不但它本身的理论存在很多争议，而且极易与有关船舶的其他担保方式，如船舶抵押权、船舶优先权，发生混淆。

Chapter Ⅲ is devoted to a comprehensive comparison and analysis of possessory lien with other confusable rights, namely, right of retention in respect of vessel, maritime lien, and also deals with the exertion sequence of these rights.

第三章对易与船舶留置权混淆的几种权利，如船舶扣押权、船舶滞留权、海上留置权等，进行了分析比较，并就船舶上可能同时存在的几种担保债权的受偿顺序进行了研究。

Comparing the experimental results with the results calculated using the OCIMF method, the reliability of using the OCIMF method is testified.Thirdly, the basic configuration plan of a ship undocking assisted by different number of tugs is given. The relationships among the gyroidal moment, gyroidal time and drag forces of tugs in the process of ship undocking are analyzed.

三、制定了不同数量拖轮协助船舶出坞时的基本布置形式，给出了不同拖轮协助船舶出坞时的拖轮布置示意图，并试验分析了船舶出坞回转力矩与回转时间和拖轮拖力之间关系，并确定了用于船舶出坞回转的拖轮拖力的余度大小。

PROTOCOL OF SIGNATURE In proceeding to the signature of the International Convention for the unification of Certain rules relating to maritime liens and mortgages, the undersigned plenipotentiaries have adopted the present Protocol, which will have the same force and the same value as if the provisions were inserted in the text of the Convention to which it relates: I.

授权已责成将船舶残骸或其他有碍航行的障碍加以清除，或是作为港务费或船舶过失引起的损害的债权人的海港、码头、灯塔和航道管理机关，在债务人拒绝付款扣留船舶、船舶残骸或其他财物，将其出售，并自所得价款中优先取得赔偿

This paper studies the ship distribution of coal transportation routine arranged by Shanghai Time Shipping Company Ltd, after Tai Chang Power Plant Second Phase expansion .This paper studies the issue of Tai Chang power plants coal shipping optimization. By selecting appropriate ships to transport coal by vessel, the total cost of transportation can be minimized.

本文主要研究了上海时代航运有限公司在太仓发电厂二期扩建后煤炭运输中船舶运输的航线配船问题，对船舶进行合理分配，以选择出适合运输的船舶种类及船舶数量，以达到航运总成本最低的目的。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。