航海的

In this papers according to Harmer's Three Elements Theory and the requirements bo teaching in navigation English teaching practice, the author puts forward the feasibility of the cooperative language teaching in classroom teaching practice. By combining with the reality on asmmetry of the knowledge structures of the teachers and students the author also analyzes the advantages of it dining the navigation English study.

本文根据英国英语教学专家Harmer关于成功外语课堂教学的三个基本要素的理论，和航海专业英语教学对教师提出的要求，结合航海专业英语教师知识结构非对称性的问题，以及在进入航海专业英语教学阶段后，学生自身知识结构非对称性的实际，提出了航海专业英语合作式课堂教学法的设想。

On the basis of reviewing the the ...更多 ory and practice about navigational semi-military management,the article first discoursed learnedly on the semi-military management mode of navigation institutions around the world;and made a deep anatomy in the main content,similarities and differences of china and america marine major's noral education;than careful analysised the existing problems of our country navitation semi-military management mode and pionted out the necessity of Setting up a new semi-military management system.

准军事化管理工作有其自身的特点和规律，当前航海类专业准军事化管理相对于航运业的发展有一定的滞后性，本文在回顾总结我国高等航海院校准军事化管理理论与实践的基础上，通过对世界同类院校准军事化管理模式比较研究，分析我国航海类专业管理模式的不足及实行新型准军事化管理模式的必要性，并提出了新型准军事化管理模式。

The Sea Rat, as soon as his hunger was somewhat assuaged, continued the history of his latest voyage, conducting his simple hearer from port to port of Spain, landing him at Lisbon, Oporto, and Bordeaux, introducing him to the pleasant harbours of Cornwall and Devon, and so up the Channel to that final quayside, where, landing after winds long contrary, storm-driven and weather-beaten, he had caught the first magical hints and heraldings of another Spring, and, fired by these, had sped on a long tramp inland, hungry for the experiment of life on some quiet farmstead, very far from the weary beating of any sea.

航海鼠稍稍填饱了肚子，就接着讲他最近一次航海的经历。带领着这位单纯的听者遍游西班牙所有的港口，登陆里斯本、波尔图和波尔多，来到英国的康威尔郡和德文郡那些可爱的港口，然后溯海峡上行，到达最后的港湾地带。他顶着暴风雨和恶劣的天气，逆风航行了很长时间，终于登上了陆地，迎来了又一个春天的迷人气息。这一切激励着他匆匆奔向内陆腹地，一心想体验某种宁静的农庄生活，远远避开海上的颠簸劳顿。

Foreigners are chatting and it seems to be a whole foreign yard. Upon entering, wine red wooden wall, brown clapboard, a large-scale wooden wine barrel, old-type sea rover, long telescope, the broken fishnet, a compass map on the table , and wooden stairs all available.

走进去，酒红色的木头墙壁，褐色的护墙板，胖胖的木头酒筒用钉子箍着，还有古旧的海盗船，航海的长望远镜，墙上的破鱼网，桌上的航海图，走起来咚咚做响的木头楼梯。

Keeping the highest international standards of design and content, Nautica/superyacht team prides itself on the magazine is dedicated to technical and didactic articles, written by the authors in a way that everyone, even those who are just entering the yachting world, can enjoy.

在设计理念上，杂志秉承一贯的国际化品质，提供最新的市场信息，客观专业的游艇及备件测评等内容。在内容的撰写上，力图用通俗易懂的方式解析专业技术，即使是从未接触过游艇与海航的读者，也能够理解并分享到航海的无限乐趣。

navigation ; vacational teaching ; systematicall application ; navigation simulator

由此可见，航海职业院校采用航海模拟器教学是航海教育国际化发展的需要。

Local interests are not less fostered by it. Our fellow-citizens of the North engaged in navigation find great encouragement in being made the favored carriers of the vast productions of the other portions of the United States, while the inhabitants of these are amply recompensed, in their turn, by the nursery for seamen and naval force thus formed and reared up for the support of our common rights. Our manufactures find a generous encouragement by the policy which patronizes domestic industry, and the surplus of our produce a steady and profitable market by local wants in less-favored parts at home.

地区性利益也同样得到发展，从事航海的北方同胞受到了巨大鼓舞，因为他们成为合众国其他地区大量产品广受欢迎的运输者，同时由于培养了海员，建立并训练了一支保护我们共同权利的海军，全国其他地区的人民也受益匪浅，由于保护民族工业的政策，由于剩余产品靠国内不发达地区的需要而找到了稳定有利的市场，我国的制造业受到了巨大的推动。

To avoid the collision accidents of ships at sea, with the universalizing and application of computer, and the development and maturity of the technology of Expert System and Artificial Intelligent, this paper developed an intelligent collision avoidance expert system for navigation. The main research work centers on several aspects, which will be represented as below:By the navigation rules" understanding and analyzing, and by the navigation experience and navigation samples" collecting and trimming, we put forth and build a multi-unit and layering KB systematic structure, and implement the KBM. According to features of different knowledge, we adopt multifarious KR, such as: frame KR, production rule KR, procedure KR. We also build a multi-inference system, which based on analog inference, forward illation inference, conversion inference and meta-rule inference. At the same time, we develop each reasoning algorithm. For some problems in collision avoidance region during the building of the expert system, we put forth and build a set of models to solve them using neural network technology.

为了避免船舶间碰撞事故的发生，结合计算机技术在各类船舶中的普及与应用、专家系统技术及人工智能技术的发展、成熟，本文研制、开发了一种具有一定智能的航海避碰专家系统，主要内容包括以下几个方面：通过对航海规则的理解与分析，对航海经验、航海实例的搜集、整理，提出并建立起了航海避碰专家系统的多元分层知识库体系结构，并实现了知识库的管理；根据不同知识的特点，分别采用了框架、产生式规则、过程等多种知识表示方法；提出了一种基于类比推理、正向演绎推理、换位推理及元级推理等的多种推理机制，并建立起了相应的推理算法；引入神经网络技术，针对在建立专家系统过程中所遇到的有关避碰领域内的一些难题，提出并建立了相应解决问题的模型，其中包括：船舶类型的识别，会遇态势的分类及避碰危险的评估。

Well, then, I should say, for instance," resumed Danglars,"that if after a voyage such as Dant s has just made, in which he touched at the Island of Elba, some one were to denounce him to the king's procureur as a Bonapartist agent"--"I will denounce him!

好了，那么，譬如说，&腾格拉尔重又继续说道，&唐太斯现在刚刚航海回来，途中又在厄尔巴岛靠过，这次航海以后，假如有人向检察官告发，说他是一个拿破仑党的眼线的话——&&我去告发他！

The problem of precision of transferred position line and running fix is discussed in the textbook Navigation in marine instilutes.

关于转移船位线和移线定位的精度问题，在航海院校的教材《航海学》（文献［1］、［2］、［3］）中都有论述，它们都是根据前苏联乌霍夫教授在他编著的《航海学》（文献［4］）中提出的观点来论述的。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。