舒伯特

On the basis of the analysis of the scores, the author makes conclusions about the characteristics of Schubert"s last three piano sonatas as followings: 1 The device of universal development in the movements composed in sonata form and rondo-sonata form is the most distinctive feature in the last three sonatas, which is also decisive in the trend of the whole movement and makes the developments relatively "still". 2 In the device of themes, the method of irregularity is preferred. However, By using extension, abbreviation, repetition and further repetition of periods, Schubert brings those themes to ingenious balance in both architectonics and aesthetics. 3 Chain method is applied in the connection of themes, in which the previous material is taken as basis and then modified together with the variations of new materials. By this way, the theme is continuously developed. 4 The principle of the dominant-subordinate is followed in Schubert"s three-key exposition, and the process of each key is extended.

本文在详尽分析乐谱的基础上，对最后三首奏鸣曲的主要创作特点进行了以下总结： 1、奏鸣曲式和奏鸣回旋曲式乐章中展开的普遍化是最后三首奏鸣曲最为显著的特点，它决定了整个乐章的走向，并使展开部具有相对"静止"的特点； 2、舒伯特的主题写作中更喜欢运用非方整性写法，并通过自身材料的延长、缩减和重复或者更高一级的段落重复使其达到了结构上和审美上的巧妙平衡； 3、舒伯特喜欢用链式的主题贯穿方式，音乐以之前的材料为依据，经过变化后再加入新的材料，用这种方式不间断地发展； 4、舒伯特的三调呈示部遵循从主到属的总体原则，并扩展了调性历程。

Schubert established the basic of the development of the lied and the Schumann is the first successful continuator of him. Moreover he developed the lied further.

舒伯特奠定了艺术歌曲发展的基石，舒曼是舒伯特的第一个成功的继承者，并将此艺术发扬光大，留给了世人丰富的文化遗产。

The author hopes this research to be helpful for edition study and interpretation of this work and the other piano pieces of Franz Schubert.

企望这一论述对舒伯特钢琴奏鸣曲的版本学习方面，以及对该作品及舒伯特其它钢琴作品的演奏实践方面有所帮助。

Franz Schubert (1797-1828) was born in a period devoted to both Classicism and Romanticism; therefore, the two musical styles can be discovered in his compositions.

舒伯特(1797-1828)身处於古典跨浪漫时期的时代，因此，古典乐派的传统形式及浪漫乐派的音乐思潮，都可以在舒伯特的作品中找到。

Franz Peter Schubert is a prominent representative of Germany-Austria Lieder composers. Song Cycle Winterreise is Schubert's important Lieder creation.

弗朗兹·舒伯特是德奥艺术歌曲创作的杰出代表，声乐套曲《冬之旅》是舒伯特艺术歌曲的重要之作。

Works of this group of early romantic include the song cycles and later symphonies of Franz Schubert, and the operas of Weber, particularly Oberon, Der Freischütz and Euryanthe.

这些浪漫主义早期的作品中包括舒伯特的组曲和后来的交响乐，以及韦伯的歌曲作品，特别是《Oberon》，《Der Freischütz 》和《Euryanthe》。

The ballads of Franz Schubert (1797-1828) and Carl Loewe (1796-1869) were both inherited from Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg (1760-1802). However, compared to Loewe's sustained ballad compositions and his leading position in this field, Schubert was nearly unknown. Were it not for the popularity and controversy of Erlk?nig (D 328), we might have difficulty in associating Schubert with ballads.

舒伯特(Franz Schubert， 1797-1828)与洛威(Carl Loewe， 1796-1869)之叙事曲虽皆传承於村史提克(Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg， 1760-1802)，但是相对於洛威的持续创作且於此领域中拥有重要地位，舒伯特在叙事曲的创作中却几近默默无名，若非《魔王》受到欢迎以及引发评论者对其的争议，时至今日，我们或许仍难以将舒伯特与叙事曲的创作联想在一起。

During the 19th and 20th centuries there were huge achievements on philosophy literature art and music; a variety of activities were also booming at that time Richard Strauss(1864-1949) born at that era when the social phenomena influenced his music learning process combined the classical and romantic music styles and further developed his unique composing style There were 5 chapters in the dissertation The research motivation purposes methodology and the literature review were included in Chapter One Chapter 2 focused on understanding how the history background and personal attitude influenced Richard Strauss' composing style Through the study of the romantic musicians like Franz Schubert1797-1828 Robert Schumann(1810-1856 Johannes Brahms(1833-1897) Hugo Wolf(1860-1903) Gustav Mahler(1860-1911) and etc I attempted to get a complete picture of musical evolution in Chapter 3 In addition Richard's classic compositions were categorized and organized in order to gain a deep understanding of his music From the study and the analysis of Strauss'"Vier letzte Lieder" the features styles the format and the life of the two poets Hermann Hesse1877-1962）and Joseph von Eichendorff(1788-1857 were explored and the relationship between the music of this composition and the poetry were also discussed Chapter 5 summarized the main arguments to give a short account of Strauss' lifetime rich experiences and thinking in his eighties

横跨十九、二十世纪的理察·史特劳斯（Richard Strauss，1864-1949）正是欧洲人文发展空前灿烂的年代，无论在哲学思想、文学、美术以及音乐方面，都有辉煌的成就。在他音乐学习历程中，结合了古典时期及浪漫时期两种音乐风格，发展出独特的作曲风格。本论文分成五章：第一章绪论包括研究动机、研究目的、研究方法及步骤以及文献探讨；第二章则从对理查史特劳斯生平的详实记载中，了解他创作作品的时代背景和心情；第三章则就浪漫时期艺术歌曲作家舒伯特（Franz Schubert1797-1828）、舒曼（Robert Schumann1810-1856）、布拉姆斯（Johannes Brahms1833-1897）、沃尔夫（Hugo Wolf1860-1903）及马勒（Gustav Mahler1860-1911）等，以诗人、旋律、伴奏型态及曲式和声，稍加整理并说明，以便了解艺术歌曲在此时期之演变过程。并将理查史特劳斯艺术歌曲作品分类统整，藉此对他的艺术歌曲能有更深一步的了解。第四章《四首最后的歌》之音乐探究与分析，则探讨此部作品诗人赫塞（Hermann Hesse 1877 - 1962）及艾辛朵夫（Joseph von Eichendorff﹐1788-1857）的生平和作品特色，以及诗的结构与格式，和此部作品音乐与诗的关系。第五章结语说明史特劳斯一生丰富经历与晚年想法，创作出一组宁静感人又深刻的终曲。

It covers several aspects: it expatiates that how Schubert has been affected by his age and what he has achieved on the art song and it investigates the background of the original literary work of "Die Schone Mtlllerin" as well as the dealing which Schubert has done to Wilhelm Mullers original poetry.

阐述了舒伯特受时代的影响以及在艺术歌曲上的成就；考察了《美丽的磨坊女》文学原著的创作背景和舒伯特对威廉·缪勒原诗的处理；分析了整部套曲的音乐特色。

One of Schuman's works,"op.48, Dichterliebe", and Schubert's "Winterreise","Die Schone Mullerin", and "Op.103(1803)Swan song" three works, and also some Schubert's known pieces, including "Erlkoenig" and "An die Musik", that shows audiences different opera performance.

内容有舒曼的联篇歌曲〝诗人之恋〞，及选自舒伯特〝冬之旅〞、〝美丽的磨坊少女〞、〝天鹅之歌〞三大联篇的选曲，还有舒伯特著名曲目《魔王》、《音乐颂》等，听众可藉此感受不同於歌剧形式的表现张力。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。