臼齿

For an orthodontic case with the discrepancy of the discoordination between the length of palate bone and tooth size or for a case with skeletal discrepancy of the unsymmetry upper and lower jaw in their size and position, the most common treatment is to extract the upper ahd lower first or the second premolar.

一般矫正治疗，对於齿槽骨和牙齿大小长度总和的不调和或上下颚骨骨骼性大小、位置不对称，其处置原则通常都以上下颚第一小臼齿或第二小臼齿等4齿做为拔除对象来进行矫正治疗。

Microspar structures carbonate is characterized by elphent tooth-like structure consisting of fine, equant sparry calcite crystals, and hosting rocks is mainly fine-grained carbonates with mud.

臼齿构造碳酸盐岩是一种具有类似于大象臼齿特征的特殊碳酸盐岩，其微亮晶脉由纯净的、基本等粒的方解石构成，而基质物质则由细粒的、富泥质的灰岩组成。

Microspar structures carbonate is characterized by elphent toothlike structure consisting of fine,equant sparry calcitecrystals,and hosting rocks is mainly finegrained carbonates with mud.

臼齿构造碳酸盐岩是一种具有类似于大象臼齿特征的特殊碳酸盐岩，其微亮晶脉由纯净的、基本等粒的方解石构成，而基质物质则由细粒的、富泥质的灰岩组成。

The purposes of the study were as follows:(1) to evaluate the molar furcation involvement and number of molar correlated with age and sex; and (2) to study the relationship between the means of alveolar bone loss and associated factors of molar furcation involvements.

本研究目的是：(1)探讨大臼齿根叉齿槽骨破坏、臼齿数与年龄、性别的关系；及(2)研究影响平均齿槽骨破坏量与根叉齿槽骨病变的相关因素。研究样本包括民国81年到83年6月间高雄医学院牙科219个20~65岁成人牙周病患者。

The thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa varies at different parts of the hard palate and increases with age.

本研究发现台湾成人硬颚区，最适合取牙龈软组织的位置在犬齿到第二小臼齿之闲，并需注意第一大臼齿舌侧牙根处黏膜偏薄的情形。

Frequently these molars tend to roll in lingually, as a result of treatment mechanics and in particular, the position of the lower second molar in the developing ramus.

常见这些臼齿往往辊lingually ，由于治疗技术，特别是地位较低的第二大臼齿在发展中国家支。

This article is a report of sever maxillary protrusion or bimaxillary protrusion cases. They had four first premolar extraction, but the outcomes were not so satisfied. So four first molars were extracted later, and this contributed to a good profile.

此篇文章的主要目的即以骨骼性或齿槽性之严重上颚或上下颚前突病例，在拔除第一小臼齿矫正处置后，因必要再拔除大臼齿继续处置，最后得一良好侧貌的报告。

This in vivo study was to examine the historical changes of implanted novel chitosan/collagen composite barrier for confirming the clinical feasibility. Four other commercial GTR membranes were chosen for comparison. Among the resorbable GTR membranes, BioMend Extend and Peri-Aid are collagen base, and GORE-TEX OSSEOQUEST is synthesized membrane, while GORE-TEX e-PTFE (Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) is synthesized but non-resorbable. Beagle dogs were used as animal model. Buccal mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected in the bilateral mandibular premolar and molar areas. Buccal alveolar bone was reduced on 1st、2nd premolar and molar to a level 5 mm apical to the cemento-enemel junction. Root surface was denuded of periodontal ligament and cementum, and notches were placed at the bone level of each root. The tested GTR barriers were implanted in critical bone defect areas. Flaps were coronally positioned and sutured. Two beagle dogs were sacrificed each time as the designed time period after surgery. Histological and histometirc evaluation at 7 days、14 days、28 days、3 months were performed post-operatively to determine the healing response of each treatment modality.

本研究之目的在评估与工研院生医中心合作发展出可吸收性去乙醯几丁聚醣/胶原蛋白复合之组织导引再生膜片，并选择与可吸收性之BioMend Extend 及Peri-Aid 胶原蛋白膜片，和GORE-TEX OSSEOQUEST 合成高分子膜片，及不可吸收之GORE-TEX e-PTFE合成高分子膜片，等其他四种市售商品材料共同对照评估，应用8只年龄为12个月的雄性小猎犬，均分4组(分别为7天、14天、28天、3个月)，为动物活体评估模式，在实验犬之左、右下颚第一、二小臼齿及大臼齿的颊侧区制造骨缺损后，分别植入组织导引再生膜片，依实验设定时间将小猎犬牺牲，取下缺损区骨头，以光学显微镜观察量测其牙垩质再生高度与齿槽骨再生高度之变化，以探讨其组织再生模式及评估新膜片在临床应用之适用性。

Upper molars showed low frequency of Carabelli cusps. Hypocone of upper second molars showed strong tendency of regression, but metacone had low regression tendency and a strong degree of compression.

上颚大臼齿部Carabelli cusp出现率极低，上颚第二大臼齿hypocone之退化倾向较强，metacone之退化情形较弱，而压扁程度较多。

It was possible to achieve centric occlusion in 79 of 80 children with the endotracheal tube positioned in the retromolar space. Retromolar intubation was successfully accomplished in six pediatric patients undergoing maxillomandibular fixation and maxillofacial surgery.

在80个臼齿后放置气管导管的患儿中间有79例可达到牙齿中央闭合。6例行颌间固定术和腭面外科手术的患儿成地进行了臼齿后气管插管。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。