致冷

The ferroelectrics with photoelectronic, acoustooptic, and nonlinear optical effects are good candidate for constructing optical switches, power splitters, couplers, filters, frequency doublers, and integrated photonic devices. Especially, the newly developed fabrication technology for ferroelectric-based photonic crystals renders a perspective application of ferroelectric materials in photonic band-gap engineering.

具有热释电效应的铁电物质是制作新一代非致冷红外探测器的理想材料；利用铁电体的电光、声光和非线性光学效应，可构建光开关、功分器、耦合器、滤波器、倍频器等无源光学元器件或集成光子器件；特别是近年来发展的铁电光子晶体制备技术对推动和拓展铁电氧化物在光子带隙工程领域的应用带来了新的希望。

Any of various halocarbon compounds consisting of carbon,hydrogen,chlorine,and fluorine,once used widely as aerosol propellant s and refrigerants.

含氯氟烃由碳、氢、氯及氟构成的卤烃化合物，曾经作为喷雾容器中推进剂及致冷剂被广泛使用，含氯氟烃被认为会导致大气臭氧层的枯竭

Any of various halocarbon compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine, once used widely as aerosol propellants and refrigerants.

含氯氟烃由碳、氢、氯及氟构成的卤烃化合物，曾经作为喷雾容器中推进剂及致冷剂被广泛使用，含氯氟烃被认为会导致大气臭氧层的枯竭

R12 on the ozone layer due to the destruction of the requirements of the developed countries for environmental protection from 1996 to start using refrigerant R134a Automotive Air-conditioning and the construction of air-conditioning at home in a similar, it is often installed in the compressor engine, and with a belt drive, the condenser installed in the car in front of the radiator, and evaporator in the car inside, and work out from the evaporator of low pressure gaseous refrigerant flows through a high-pressure high-temperature gas compressor After cooling condenser cooling tube cooling into the low-temperature high-pressure liquid, through the desiccant dryers and storage of buffer, and then to a more stable flow of pressure and flow expansion valve, the final expenditure and the flow of relief evaporator.

由于R12对大气臭氧层的破坏，出于环保的要求发达国家从1996年开始改用R134a做制冷剂汽车空调的构造和家用的分体空调类似，它的压缩机往往是安装在发动机上，并用皮带驱动，冷凝器安装在汽车散热器的前方，而蒸发器在车里面，工作时从蒸发器出来的低压气态致冷剂流经压缩机变成高压高温气体，经过冷凝器散热管降温冷却变成高压低温的液体，再经过贮液干燥器除湿与缓冲，然后以较稳定的压力和流量流向膨胀阀，经节流和降压最后流向蒸发器。

In this study, we use the thermoelectric cooler whose surface temperature can be controlled by adjusting the direction and magnitude of its current to improve the cold stage and cooling system of a cryomicroscope system. The temperature control circuit and the integrated software were also elaborated to make the cryomicroscope a modular system which is convenient to use.

本研究利用调整热电致冷晶片的电流大小与方向即可控制表面温度升降之特性，将其应用於低温显微镜系统的冷冻台及冷却系统改良设计，同时配合温控电路与软体程式达到升降温之控制，最后并将整个系统模组化以增加使用上的便利性。

New video cardis separated by the cooling system X -Turbo, which includes the element of Peltier.

新的视频卡分离的冷却系统的X涡轮，其中包括部分致冷（热电芯片，过渡时期行政委员会）。

Extra virgin olive oil is obtained by chilling the olives that are found in the foothills of Umbria and these are picked annually and entirely by hand.

特级轻榨优质橄榄油是通过致冷在翁布里亚山麓找到的橄榄而获得的，这些橄榄是年年完全靠手工采摘的。

After cleaning, dehydrate, dessication and carbon plating, the elements concentration was detected andanalyzed by x-ray energy dispersive system. Other samples were drawn and fixed in formalin solution. With decalcification and dehydration, samples were embedded in paraffin and cut into 5-um sections.

一部分标本用戊二醛固定，在液氮致冷条件下沿牙齿近远中方向水平劈断牙骨块，暴露观察面，经过清洗、脱水、干燥、真空下镀碳膜并做X线能谱分析及元素定量测定；剩余部分样品经过福尔马林固定、脱钙、脱水、包埋及常规HE染色，于光镜下进行组织学观察。

The Study has made advance of the refrigerants used in the room temperature region.

在磁致冷材料的研究中，稀土元素发挥了极重要的作用。

Their very low boiling and melting points make them useful as refrigerants for low-temperature research.

它们的沸点和熔点都非常低，因而可以在低温研究中用作致冷剂。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。