至迟

Article 24 Upon expiration of the term of use under the contract, the land user may apply for its renewal to the assigner 1 year before expiration if they need continue the use of the assigned land, the assigner should approve the application unless the land under the contract will be withdrawalled for social public interest.

第二十四条本合同约定的使用年限届满，土地使用者需要继续使用本合同项下宗地的，应当至迟于届满前一年向出让人提交续期申请书，除根据社会公共利益需要收回本合同项下土地的，出让人应当予以批准。

The assignor should grant approval except that he needs to take back the land according to the need of social public interest.

第二十四条本合同约定的使用年限届满，土地使用者需要继续使用本合同项下宗地的，应当至迟于届满前一年向出让人提交续期申请书，除根据社会公共利益需要收回本合同项下土地的，出让人应当予以批准。

At least Forty-Five (45) working days immediately prior to the Grand Opening Day of Party B's Supercenter within the Premises, Party A will apply for accounts with the relevant electricity, water, and gas service suppliers on behalf of Party B and bear all the account application expenses paid to the relevant utility suppliers.

至迟于房屋内乙方购物广场开业日的前四十五(45)个工作日，甲方应为乙方在供电、供水及燃气经营机构完成单独立户并承担与立户相关的经营机构收费。

No later than 1987, I have seen actress in the news.

至迟在1987年，我已经看到筹拍的消息。

Some aged people recalled that in the former Beijing's Dongsi Pailou, there were many stalls selling a variety of attractive lord rabbits when the Mid-Autumn Festival was around the corner.

不过至迟在明清的典籍里，就已不乏"兔儿节"的记载，说人们在中秋节用泥塑成兔形，衣冠踞坐，如人状，儿女祀而拜之。

I find in these texts a good deal to criticize, but I choose them for their merits and not for their deficiencies; they seem to me to provide the best available expositions of the approved reasons for holding theories which are at least as old as Heraclitus--more full, coherent, and terminologically exact than you find, for example, in Descartes or Berkeley.

这几本著作在我看来颇多可加批评指摘之处，但我挑出这几本，是因其优点而非因其缺陷：虽然他们所持的这类理论至迟也有赫拉克利特那么古远，但说起持有这些理论的人所采信的理由，在我看来，他们所提供的表述相比之下是最好的，——例如比起笛卡尔或休谟，他们的阐论更加充分、融贯，措辞也更准确。

This date is 285 BC, if we accept the authority of the Letter of Aristeas; or, at the very latest 132 BC, the period at which Ben Sirach wrote, in the prologue to Ecclesiasticus, that "the law itself and the prophets and the rest of the books had been translated into Greek".

这一日期是285年，如果我们接受权威的信Aristeas ；，或至迟在公元前132 ，在这期间本Sirach写道，在序幕Ecclesiasticus ，即&法律本身和先知和其他书籍已经被翻译成希腊语&。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

Persia did not produce musk, but the Persians began to use it as early as in the ancient Sassanian dynasty.

波斯不出产麝香，但波斯人至迟在萨珊王朝已开始使用麝香。

The book would thus belong at the latest to the first century CE; at the earliest to the last century BC Recently important new light has been thrown on the book by the discovery of early Jewish settlements in the Fayum.

这本书将因此属於至迟於行政长官的第一个世纪；最早在上个世纪的新的重要公元前最近轻抛在了这本书的发现早期的犹太人定居点的法尤姆。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。