自花授粉

Common buckwheat ( F. esculentum ) is an allogamy crop, which is heterogony. There is heterogeneity in the species. To reveal the genetic diversity within cultivar population, In order to explore the sampling strategy that can reveal genetic diversity of buckwheat resources on the molecular level. PCR with intron-splice junction primers and long random primers was employed to reveal the genetic diversity within nine common buckwheat varieties and one tartary buckwheat cultivar population among different individuals. We established the sampling strategy in its genetic diversity study. Then we used the established sampling strategy, and the same PCR markers technique,to analysis the genetic diversity of 86 common buckwheat resources, the main results are as follows

甜荞是花柱异长自交不亲和的异花授粉作物，品种内存在一定的异质性，为了准确揭示甜荞遗传资源的遗传多样性，本研究采用因子分析法对86份甜荞遗传资源农艺性状数据进行分析；采用长随机引物和内含子切接点引物的PCR分子标记技术，对9个甜荞品种和1个苦荞品种不同个体间的遗传多样性进行了分析，建立了甜荞资源遗传多样性研究的取样策略；并利用建立的取样策略，采用PCR标记技术，对这86份甜荞资源的遗传多样性进行了分析，取得如下主要结果

The microspore was more like a tetrahedron, whilethe polar was more like a triangle. The number of microspore in every anther wasbetween 2600～3600, so the amount of pollen was quite large that it was propitiousto spread and pollination. P/O was 8088 and the breed system was singleheterosexual copulatoryb. The viability of pollen was normally above 50%. The testof pollen culture showed that the viability of pollen was up to the tiptop under thehigher temperature and lower humidity (38℃,40%),while it was weakest under thelower temperature and lower humidity (16℃,40%).The OCI is 4, and the breedsystem was belong to autocopulation. If it was heterosexual copulatory, there must beintermediums for pollination. It was recorded there were more than 40 species ofinsects on the anthotaxy or followers of Malania Oleifera. Under different weather,different living environments and different plants the frequency and rush hour of theinsects to visit the followers were different. Actions of different kinds of insect werealso different. According to the results of the observation, the form of fluid and seedof Malania Oleifera mostly rely on the action of insect pollination, especially thebees.

蒜头果的花序为聚伞形花序，有小花8～10朵，小花较小；按花粉大小等级划分，蒜头果的花粉粒属于小的范围；花粉粒呈近四面体，极面为近三角形：每粒花药所含的花粉粒在2600～3600粒之间，花粉量较大，有利于花粉的传播和授粉；胚珠比值为8088，繁育系统为专性异交类型；花粉生活力一般在50％以上；在不同温度湿度条件下测得蒜头果花粉的生活力在高温低湿(38℃，40％)的条件下最高，在低温低湿(16℃，40％)的条件下最低；杂交指数值为4，繁育系统自交亲和，异交，需要传粉者；记录到的访花昆虫有40余种，访花昆虫的访花频率及高峰时间不同，不同种类的昆虫的访花行为也是各有所异；从观察的结果看，蒜头果的种实的形成大多数依赖于传粉昆虫的活动，其中主要是蜂类。

The reason for the lower rate of fruit set by self-pollination and the problems which should be considered in the selection of pollinizer were also discussed.

对李树自花结实率低的原因和李树授粉品种选配中应考虑的问题进行了讨论。

Under nature pollination condition,the fruiting rate is about 2%by self-fertilization, and heterosis of character of tea plant filial generation is unavoidable due to the limitation of its self-fertility.

茶树虽然是异花授粉植物，但自花结实率一般为2%左右，要想利用杂种第一代，需要采取隔离等措施。

Many flowers are capable of self-fertilization if pollination fails, and a few species do it regularly.

许多花可以在授粉失败后进行自花受精，其中有些种类定期进行此过程。

Peony is a kind of cross-pollinating and entomophilous plant with weak capability of selling.

芍药不存在无融合生殖，有微弱的自交性，不存在闭花授粉的现象。

Peony is a kind of cross-pollinating and entomophilous plant with weak capability of selfing.

芍药不存在无融合生殖，有微弱的自交性，不存在闭花授粉的现象。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。