自电离

The photoionization cross sections of Al Ⅶ are calculated from the first ionization threshold to the K shell.

由得到的光电离截面，确定了一些自电离态的共振能量和宽度，结果表明，内壳层激发态的自电离宽度较大。

In the third chapter, the photoabsorption of NO, CO, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, benzene and toluene of benzene series have been measured by using a homemade experimental apparatus of cylindrical multi-stage ion chamber with high flux SR source. The ionization energies of some electron states are given. Their superexcited states, autoionization Rydberg states have been analyzed. By the analysis and comparison, our results are accurate and credibility.

在第三章中，利用高通量的同步辐射光源和自制的多级光电离吸收池装置，测量了NO、CO、乙腈、丙烯腈、苯系物中的苯和甲苯的光吸收谱，给出了部分电子态的电离能，分析了其中的自电离Rydberg态结构和一些振动能级，对部分结构做了精确指认，经过分析和比较，我们所得的结果比较精确和可靠。

The hyperfine effects emerging in all spectra of atomic Rydberg states are due to the nuclear effects including hyperfine structure and isotope shifts. The autoionizing Rydberg states converging to 6p〓 and 4f〓 5d6s 〓 [3/2] 〓 limits were investigated by three photon excitation. In the study of the spectra for those converging to 6p〓 limit, the ICE (Isolated-core excitation) model has been proved to be suitable for describing the excitation of the autoionizing Rydberg states with a lowly excited core.

论文对实验中得到的收敛于6p〓及4f〓5d6s〓[3/2]〓的Yb原子自电离Rydberg态及其激发光谱进行了分析，特别是通过对收敛于6p〓的Yb原子自电离Rydberg态光谱的研究，论证了孤立实激发模型在低核实激发的自电离Rydberg态研究中的适用性。

In chapter 2 and 3, experimentally, using the Angular-Resolved high-resolution fast Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer , at the condition of 2. 5 keV incident energy and 50-60 meV energy resolution, we measured the Optical Oscillator Strength Density Spectra for the excitations of 4p, 4s or 3d electron. The oscillator strengths for excitations of the valent shell 4p electron were obtained, and comparisons were done between presently experimental and previously experimental and theoretical results. The experimental results of different groups agree with each other approximately, but the semi-experientially theoretical results do not match with the experimental results. The delayed maximum in the photoabsorption spectra was discussed. It should arise from the transition of 4p→∈d. For the excitation of the inner-valent 4s electron, the discrepancies for the resonant structures in previous electron-impact results and photoionization results were clarified in present work, which confirms again that the fast electron impact method is suitable to measure the optical oscillator strengths. The autoionization Rydberg series 4s〓ns (n=5, 6, 7) and 4s〓nd (n=4, 5, 6, 7) were identified without ambiguity by the measurement at 0°, 2° and 4°scattering angles. The energy levels and natural widths of the excitations of Kr3d and Ar2p inner shell, including optically allowed and forbidden transitions, were determined. The widths of these inner shell excitations are nearly the same, which was interpreted by the Resonant Auger effect .

在第二章和第三章，实验上，使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和50-60meV能量分辨下，测量了Kr原子由价壳层4p到内价壳层4s，再到内壳层3d电子激发的光学振子强度密度谱；得到了价壳层4p电子激发束缚态的光学振子强度，与前人实验和半经验理论结果作了细致的比较，说明几家实验是比较符合的，但半经验的理论计算存在问题；分析了光吸收谱中的延迟极大现象，说明在第一电离阈值以上几个eV范围内的极大值源于4p→εd跃迁产生的延迟极大；对于内价壳层4s激发的自电离区，澄清了前人实验中电子碰撞方法和光学方法在共振结构上存在差异的问题，再一次肯定了快电子碰撞方法是获得绝对光学振子强度的一种好方法；通过在非0°散射角的测量（如2°和4°），清楚地标识了4s电子激发的光学禁戒跃迁自电离里德堡系列4s〓ns（n=5，6，7）和4s〓nd（n=4，5，6，7）；通过在0°和4°散射角的测量，观测并标识了几个新的内壳层光学禁戒跃迁能级，得到了Kr原子3d和Ar原子2p内壳层激发态（包括光学允许和禁戒跃迁形成的）的能级位置和自然宽度，用共振俄歇效应解释了这些内壳层激发态（不管是光学允许还是禁戒跃迁产生的）的自然宽度彼此比较接近的原因。

These autoionizing states are classified into five autoionization series in the light of different ionization limits.

根据它们收敛于不同的电离限这些自电离态可以分为5个自电离系列。

The differences between the above autoionizing Rydberg states were analyzed and proven to be significant. Much attention has been paid on the autoionization spectra and properties of ejected electrons from autoionizing states for both Ba and Mg atoms,especially their characteristics and laws.

分析和研究了不同自电离Rydberg系列之间的明显差异，特别关注了Ba和Mg原子在自电离光谱和自电离弹射电子的能量分布这两方面的特性和规律。

In this paper we address the question of the transition between autoionization that prevails in small molecules, and delayed ionization occurring in larger molecules or clusters. This transition is illustrated by autoionization of Na2 Rydberg states on one hand, delayed ionization in fullerene C60, and delayed detachment in small cluster anions on the other hand.

本文通过Na2的里德堡态的自电离，富勒烯C60的延迟电离，阴离子小团簇的延迟解离研究了在小分子中起主导作用的自电离和在大分子以及团簇中出现的延迟电离之间的转变过程。

At typical plasma conditions (such as a temperature of 10eV and a density of 0.0016g/cm〓), these autoionization widths are larger than corresponding Doppler and Stark widths by a factor of two or three.

研究了O Ⅲ离子基组态2s〓2p〓和第一激发组态2s2p〓所形成的谱项的内壳层光电离过程，由光电离截面所展现的共振结构，确定了1s-2p内壳层激发态的自电离宽度，结果表明，在某些典型的氧等离子体条件，自电离共振展宽是等离子体中主要的谱线展宽机制。

A number of v=0~57 vibration levels were determined and assigned. The levels cover more than 99% of the potential well depth of the state. No evident autoionization was found related to the levels belonging to the 13 g- state above the ionization threshold, implying the distinct character of the doubly excited valence state from the Rydberg states.

并发现13 g-态能级即使超过电离限时亦无明显的自电离倾向，反映了双电子激发态不同于里德堡态的独特性质。13 g-态是碱金属双原子分子电离限以下唯一的3 g-对称性的态和电离限下唯一较纯的双电子激发态，这些结果为分子结构和量子化学的定量研究提供了重要的信息；（2）通过检测Na 3d 3p原子荧光，观察到Na2分子的33 g和43 g+态在3s+3d解离限以上的预解离能级及其转动线宽加宽等。

It shows that The correlation between the two outgoing electron and the ion play a more important role in the mechanism of this ionization. 2. The auger and the autoionization process of the inner shell are theindirect processes of the ionization that correspond the relaxation and the double excitation of the inner shell. Taouil et 〓 guesses that these processes are included in the mechanism of the ionization. The present theoretical results showthat the influences on the inner shell ionization of these processes are notimportant.

说明在内壳层的高非对称的动能区域，被电离电子与离子以及末态两个电子之间的角关联在这个电离动力学机制中扮演了重要的作用 2、内壳层的饿歇过程和自电离过程为间接电离过程，对应于碰后相互作用的离子弛豫和内壳层的双激发，Taouil et al的实验〓认为包括在电离的机制，我们的计算表明它们对内壳层(e，2e)反应的影响并不很重要。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。