自由贸易

Trading nation in the process of the United States adopted a free trade and protection of the trade balance and turn.

在贸易大国的进程中，美国采取了自由贸易和保护贸易兼顾和交替的政策。

Based on thoroughly research, the author draws some following conclusions:(1) the origin of new bilateralism in Asia-Pacific is that each country altered its trade policy to maximize its gains from trade when they faced common external shocks, which is not only to satisfy the restrains of internationally political and economic environments but also to help each government to balance internal political economy when they implement trade liberalization;(2) it has been a common trade policy for each country in Asia-Pacific to set up bilateral trade agreements as soon as possible and as much as possible to obtain hub position in the network of bilateralism;(3) with the inevitable spread of bilateralism, China, as a developing large trade economy, should take first start to guide a favorable process of regional economic integration depending on its booming economy, large domestic market, cheap labor price and abundant natural resources in aim to get much more benefits and advantages.

经过笔者研究，《亚太新双边主义的政治经济学分析》一文得到如下结论：其一，亚太新双边主义的兴起是20世纪末亚太地区各经济体在面临外部冲击的情况下，权衡内部政治经济，选择在当前国际政治经济环境的约束下能够最大化自身利益的贸易政策的必然结果；其二，尽可能快尽可能多地签订双边自由贸易协定，谋求新双边主义中的"轮轴国"地位已经成为各经济体今后较长时间内对外贸易政策的共识；其三，区域经济一体化中的新双边主义趋势已经不可避免，中国作为发展中的贸易大国，应该凭借不断增长的经济、广阔的国内市场、廉价的国内劳动力和丰富的国内资源，发挥先发优势，谋求以我为主的区域经济一体化进程，争取有利的战略地位和更多的利益。

The free-trading British ran a substantial trade deficit at the time which permitted the high-saving, protectionist-inclined US to run a big trade surplus.

当时，信奉自由贸易的英国存在着巨大的贸易逆差，这使得高储蓄率、带有贸易保护主义倾向的美国保有巨大的贸易顺差。

The appearance of the Strategic Trade Policy overthrows the optimality of free trade policy under the condition of scale economies and imperfect competition, proves the reasonableness of government intervention, and advocates that the appropriate using of the Strategic Trade Policy measures, such as tariff and subsidy, can improve the gains from trade.

该理论的出现动摇了在规模经济和不完全竞争条件下自由贸易政策的最优性，证明了政府干预的某些合理性，提出适当运用关税、补贴等战略性贸易措施，将有助于提高本国的贸易利得的主张。

The appearance of the Strategic Trade Policy overthrows the optimality of free trade policy under the condition of scale economies and imperfect competition,proves the reasonableness of government intervention,and advocates that the appropriate using of the Strategic Trade Policy measures,such as tariff and subsidy, can improve the gains from trade.

该理论的出现动摇了在规模经济和不完全竞争条件下自由贸易政策的最优性，证明了政府干预的某些合理性，提出适当运用关税、补贴等战略性贸易措施，将有助于提高本国的贸易利益的主张。

In addition,RoO plays a key role in regulatingpreferential trade as in the case of freetrade agreements and regionaltrade agreements.

此外， 原产地法则方面发挥了关键效用的调节优惠贸易的情况一样自由贸易协定和地区范围贸易协定。

Since we come in the 21th century, although the voice of freetrade is very high, the commerce protection has been in existence at large. Due to the restrict of traditioanal commerce protection such as quota system and tariff wall, the developed countries begin to establish more rigorous and more hidden commerce protection. They establish a lot of technique barrier to treat the developing countries unfairly.

进入二十一世纪以来，虽然自由贸易的呼声很高，贸易保护主义却普遍存在，在传统贸易保护措施如配额、关税壁垒逐渐受到约束的情况下，发达国家采取的贸易保护措施反而更加苛刻与隐蔽，他们制定了名目繁多的技术性壁垒，对发展中国家实施不公平待遇。

Trade. It is a trade under high surveillance, and even a trade under suspicion in many

第一个特征是中国-欧盟之间的贸易远不是自由贸易，而是在监管下的贸易，在很

Japan semiconductor tradeconflict in 1980s and the making of North American Free Trade Agreement in early 1990s, the thesis aims to demonstrate the application of role theory, the bureaucratic politics and the interbranch politics models in examining a bureaucratic agency's role in the process of trade policymaking.

通过对贸易代表办公室在上世纪八十年代美日半导体贸易冲突和九十年代北美自由贸易协定制定过程中所起作用的两个案例分析，作者旨在证明运用角色理论、官僚政治模式和跨机构政治模式讨论决策机构在贸易决策过程所起作用的可行性。

High shipping costs will tax the Asian trade model, and encourage trade regionalisation （benefiting the NAFTA members and East European countries）, at the expense of trade globalisation.

高昂的运输成本将对亚洲贸易模式构成沉重负担，并在抑制贸易全球化的同时，推动贸易区域化的发展。北美自由贸易协定的成员国和东欧国家将是这种转变的受益者。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。