自由思想的

Academic freedom is the freedom of thought and freedom of speech synthesis, is the essence of freedom of expression.

学术自由是思想自由和言论自由的综合，本质是表达的自由。

This one branch is the Liberty of Thought: from which it is impossible to separate the cognate liberty of speaking and of writing.

这一个分枝是思想自由，还有不可能与它分开的与它同源的言论自由和写作自由。

To cherish peace and friendly intercourse with all nations having correspondent dispositions; to maintain sincere neutrality toward belligerent nations; to prefer in all cases amicable discussion and reasonable accommodation of differences to a decision of them by an appeal to arms; to exclude foreign intrigues and foreign partialities, so degrading to all countries and so baneful to free ones; to foster a spirit of independence too just to invade the rights of others, too proud to surrender our own, too liberal to indulge unworthy prejudices ourselves and too elevated not to look down upon them in others; to hold the union of the States as the basis of their peace and happiness; to support the Constitution, which is the cement of the Union, as well in its limitations as in its authorities; to respect the rights and authorities reserved to the States and to the people as equally incorporated with and essential to the success of the general system; to avoid the slightest interference with the right of conscience or the functions of religion, so wisely exempted from civil jurisdiction; to preserve in their full energy the other salutary provisions in behalf of private and personal rights, and of the freedom of the press; to observe economy in public expenditures; to liberate the public resources by an honorable discharge of the public debts; to keep within the requisite limits a standing military force, always remembering that an armed and trained militia is the firmest bulwark of republic that without standing armies their liberty can never be in danger, nor with large ones safe; to promote by authorized means improvements friendly to agriculture, to manufactures, and to external as well as internal commerce; to favor in like manner the advancement of science and the diffusion of information as the best aliment to true liberty; to carry on the benevolent plans which have been so meritoriously applied to the conversion of our aboriginal neighbors from the degradation, and wretchedness of savage life to a participation of the improvements of which the human mind and manners are susceptible in a civilized state, as far as sentiments, and intentions such as these can aid the fulfillment of my duty, they will be a resource with can not fail me.

珍惜和平以及同所有有交往意向的国家的友好交往；对交战各国保持真正中立；在任何情况下，优先考虑以友善的讨论和理性来处理异议，而非通过武力来做出决定；排除外国阴谋和外国偏颇，这些对所有国家都造成堕落，对自由国家更为有害；培养一种独立的精神，其之公正不会侵犯他人权利，其之自豪不会丢弃自身权利，其之宽大不使我们自己纵养不值的偏见，其之高尚使我们蔑视他人的这些偏见；把众州的联合保持为众州和平和幸福的基础，拥护作为联邦链结的宪法，不论是其限制或权力；尊重保留给各州和人民的权利，因为它的重要性把它平等地纳入联邦总体的成功之中；避免最轻微的对良知权利和宗教功能的干涉，这些在民事裁判中豁免；代表私人和个人的权利以及媒体自由，以其全部的能量来保留其它相关有益条款；在公共花费中坚持节约；通过偿还公共债务来解放公共资源；在必要的限度下保持一支常备军，时刻要记住武装并训练过的民兵才是共和国的中流砥柱，即是，没有常备军他们的自由从未有危险，而有了一支庞大军队也未必安全，通过授权的手段来发展有益于农业，制造业，对外和对内的商业，以适当的方式支持科学的发展和信息的传播来作为真正自由的最好食粮；执行善意的计划以把我们的土著邻居从，野蛮生活的低贱和不幸中转化到参加入一个文明国家内人的思维，和举止都倾向的改良中--只要如此的思想，和意图能辅助我职责的履行，它们将成为不使我失败的资本。

Starting from the right of equality, Rawls animadverts utilitarianism and substitutes it for "two principles as fairness and justice" in which rational people choose under the "original position", and thinks everyone should be equal and people should distribute wealth according to "the principle of justice as fairness", unless you have the enough reasons that can justify everyone should be unequal. He understands the distributive object as a series of public resources and systems of liberty, including the positions and offices, opportunity, natural endowment, honor, safety, freedom of life and action, freedom of thought and conscience. The aims of distributive principle of justice are to realize rational distribution of these public resources in a cooperative and well-ordered society. Starting from inalienable rights of man, Nozick thinks that everyone should be unequal, unless you have sufficient reasons that can justify everyone should be equal and without the consent of the individual, others can not infringe upon his property and rights with any excuses. He advances the justice of "holding" with a theory of qualification and entitlement, and maintains individual economic and free rights and the right of property.

罗尔斯从平等的权利出发，通过&原初状态&下的理性人自主选择&公平正义的两个原则&来取代功利主义，认为除非有充足理由证明应当不平等，否则就应当平等，并根据公平的正义原则分配公共资源和自由体系，包括职务、机会、天赋、荣誉、安全、人生行动自由、思想自由和良心自由等，&分配的正义观&就是要实现这些公共资源在一个合作且秩序良好的自由体系里的合理分配；诺齐克从人的不可剥夺的权利出发，认为除非你有充足理由证明应当平等，否则就应当不平等，没有个体的同意，任何人也不能以任何借口侵犯他的财产和权利，通过&资格&理论确立&持有&的正当性，维护个人的经济自由权利和财产权利。

The security of the rights of man and of the citizen requires public military forces. Theseforces are, therefore, established for the good of all and not for the personal advantage of those towhom they shall be intrusted.

第十一条自由传达思想和意见是人类最宝贵的权利之一；因此，各个公民都有言论、著述和出版自由，但在法律所规定的情况下，应对滥用此项自由负担责任。

From the point that man was born free, Rousseau formed his theory of good human nature by equating freedom and goodness; while Huang Zhongxi thought that man should be good in nature in term of the prerequisite of moral rules, presupposing the existence of Saints.

首先是人性观的不同：卢梭从人生而自由出发，通过把自由等同于善从而形成了已然性善的思想；而黄宗羲则以人的道德性能为前提，通过预设圣人的存在而形成了应然性善的思想。

If a man is thought-free, fancy-free, imagination-free, that which is not never for a long time appearing to be to him, unwise rulers or reformers cannot fatally interrupt him....

如果一个人思想自由，幻想自由，想象自由，那么不自由的东西在他看来就绝不会长期存在。愚蠢的统治或改良者们不可能彻底妨碍他。。。。

If a man is thought-free, fancy-free, imagination-free, that which is not never for a long time appearing to be to him, unwise rulers or reformers cannot fatally interrupt him....

如果一个人思想自由，幻想自由，想像自由，那麽不自由的东西在他看来就绝不会长期存在。愚蠢的统治或改良者们不可能彻底妨碍他。。。。

If a man is thought-free, fancy-free, imagination-free, that which is not never for a long time appearing to be to him, unwise rulers or reformers cannot fatally interrupt him...

如果一个人思想自由，幻想自由，想象自由，那麽不自由的东西在他看来就绝不会长期存在。愚蠢的统治或改良者们不可能彻底妨碍他

This book is about man's freedom: freedom of thought,freedom of worship, freedom of the mental encroachments that make a man think he has the right to despise, oppress, kill a fellow human being because he is different.

这 本书是关于人的自由：思想自由，信仰自由，言论自由的精神侵害，使一名男子认为他有权利的蔑视，压迫，杀死人类同胞正因为他是不同的。

And if officials on the take are not parroting the opinions of these companies, what can we suppose the money they receive is for?

如果受贿的官员不鹦鹉学舌般地复述这些公司的看法，那他们所接受的钱又能用于什么目的呢？

Love them, and love you too, Pitcher.

爱他们，也爱你，投手。