自由思想

This chapter is divided into three sections, section I, for the analysis of "Lao Zi" annotator in Qing Dynasty in the impact of three religions, it was agreed that "eliminate emotion and regress to humanity" idea. Section II to illustrate mainly the traditional "Lao Zi" annotation in Qing Dynasty, the impact in Western countries began to accept the idea of Western Ideas, output the first "Lao Zi" annotation base on Western Ideas –Yan Fu "Ping Dian Lao Zi"; Section III of "freedom, democracy, equality", to discuss Yan Fu think "Lao Zi" already have many of the modern social values:"free","equality","teamwork".

本章共分为三节，第一节为「复性化情」，析论清代《老子》注家在三教思想的濡染下，一致提出「复性化情」的主张，作为体道、得道的路径；第二节为「会通之道」，说明以传统守成态度为主的清代《老子》注，在西方国家的冲击下，开始接纳西学的理念，开出了第一本以西学解老的著作──严复《评点老子》，此书反映了他中西学术兼容并蓄的思想，他不仅融合儒、释、道的概念，更将西方的科学、哲学纳入《老子》的思考当中；第三节为「自由、民主、平等」，旨在讨论严复认为老子书中已经具备许多近现代的社会价值：「自由」、「平等」「合群」的概念。

The three great revolutionary upsurge as the key link of the basic idea was originally proposed by Hu Sheng. To as a sincere scholar, he advocated a clear-cut ideas and freedom of expression:""......'to me will prosper, against the I perish' is used on only an obscurantist ideology, because the temptation of Cyril and leather under the whip of punishment, not only to talk about freedom of thought, but also not to talk about ideas.""""

作为一位诚挚的学者，他曾旗帜鲜明地主张思想和言论自由：""……'顺我者昌，逆我者亡'用在思想上就只是一种愚民政策，因为在利禄的诱惑与皮鞭的惩罚之下，不但谈不到思想自由，也根本谈不到思想。""""

The three great revolutionary upsurge as the key link of the basic idea was originally proposed by Hu Sheng. As a sincere scholar, he has advocated a clear-cut ideas and freedom of expression:""......'to me will prosper, against the I perish' is used on only an obscurantist ideology, because the temptation of Cyril and leather under the whip of punishment, not only to talk about freedom of thought, but also not to talk about ideas.""""

作为一位诚挚的学者，他曾旗帜鲜明地主张思想和言论自由：""……'顺我者昌，逆我者亡'用在思想上就只是一种愚民政策，因为在利禄的诱惑与皮鞭的惩罚之下，不但谈不到思想自由，也根本谈不到思想。""""

On the other hand, beautiful thoughts of all kinds crystallize into habits of grace and kindliness, which solidify into genial and sunny circumstances; thoughts of courage, self-reliance, and decision crystallize into manly habits, which solidify into circumstances of success, plenty, and freedom; gentle and forgiving thoughts crystallize into habits of gentleness, which solidify into protective and preservative circumstances; loving and unselfish thoughts crystallize into habits of self-forgetfulness for others, which solidify into circumstances of sure and abiding prosperity and true riches.

截然相反的是，各种美好的思想会转变成坚强的习惯，它们会促成充满欢乐的环境；勇敢，自信与果断的思想会转变成坚强的习惯，它们会巩固充满成功，富足与自由的环境；文雅，宽大的思想会转变成温和的习惯，它们能进一步推进安全的，有保障的环境；充满爱心的，慷慨的思想转变成无私的习惯，它们会形成稳定，繁荣，真正富足的环境。——摘自《痛苦是错误思想的结果》詹姆斯。艾伦

In order to realize this we should cling to Lao Zi's thought Taw models itself after Nature, that is, to behave according to objective laws. On the other hand it is human nature to pursue free creation. As the cognition and practice of the inexorable laws, man's freedom also lies in the transcendence of reality.

要实现这一目的，首先要发扬老子的"道法自然"的思想，人的思想和行为要遵循道、理办事，而人的本质在于追求自由创造，自由是对必然规律的认识与实践，同时一个人的自由的获得，又在于对现实生活的超越，没有超越就不能实现精神的自由，成为自由自在的人。

The thesis is writed, setting its base on the three traditions ( publicanism and liberalism and mentalism) and referring to the ideal lines of positive liberty and negative liberty, it analyses the course of transfer of liberalism theory and the theoretical essential in some works of its typical writer; reviews the statements on economic freedom by Marx.

文中基于自由的三个理论传统：共和主义的传统、自由派的传统、唯心主义自由传统，遵从积极自由和消极自由等思路，分析了经济自由主义的理论变迁过程和一些代表作家的理论实质，回顾了马克思主义对经济领域自由的表述，运用马克思主义唯物辩证法，历史地分析经济领域自由的阶段性发展，得出了一些富有新意的思想。

There are three outstanding features of Mao ze-dong's thoughts of human studies: the first is the particular attention to the lives of social understratum and the persevering pursuit of social equity; the second is attaching high importance to the rebuilding and reconstruction on the concept of main body; the third is extreme emphasizing even unilaterally canonizing collectivism.

进行毛泽东人学思想研究，无论对于坚持和发展马克思主义人学思想，拓宽毛泽东哲学思想的研究领域、更新毛泽东哲学思想的研究内容、转换毛泽东哲学思想的研究视角，还是对于当前的改革、开放和社会主义现代化建设，以及人的自由全面发展，都具有重要的意义。

To be specific, the thesis will take the novelist and his works as an integer by putting them into the transformation of the society, its social-historical thoughts and culture context, by observing the novelist and his works from thoughts resources to the development, from the thematic diachronic evolvement to the synchronic cultural comparison, from the innate writing talents to the unavoidable psychological dilemma, and therefore, grasp the research object wholly.

寻根探源历来是研究作家创作思想的重要方法和不可或缺的步骤，但当前对张炜小说创作&思想资源&的研究却不多见。本文认为，张炜小说创作的&思想资源&多元而丰富：儒家文化的入世情怀与仁爱思想，道家文化的天人合一与自为自在精神，鲁迅的启蒙观念与理性精神，俄国文学的道德理想与苦难意识，民间文化自由与奔放的人间情怀，及以&焦虑&、&绝望&为认知特征的现代西方哲学等等，都对张炜小说创作思想的形成、发展产生了重要影响。

The rule-by-law of the ideological and political education is not a chain to confine the freedom. But it is a weapon that it restricts the rule by man and adlib, in order to protect ideological freedom.

思想政治教育法治化不是限制思想自由的枷锁，而是限制人治、限制随意、保护思想自由西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文第OI 页的武器。

This paper is divided into five parts: the first part focuses on the currentsituation of research, process of his thoughts and his determination to put it to practice.Thought this part, we can understand the background of his constitutional philosophy;In the second part, We recognize his ideological foundation, describe the awarenessand understanding of his culture about East and West, research his background of thecultures about East and West; In the third part, the writer discuss the history ofevolution about Zhang Junmai constitutional philosophy, describe the process, that isfrom Eucken's philosophy to kant's philosophy. In this process, we understand therole and significance of Zhang Junmai constitutional philosophy in building ademocratic constitutional government; Part IV , in which the writer describes thecharacteristics of Zhang Junmai constitutional philosophy, is important; In the end, thewriter thinks that Zhang Junmai political appeal hadn't achieved at the ideal result thathe expected, but, there were some reasonable factors contained in his thoughts, thatwhat we shouldn't be abandoned but be utilized and developed when constructing themodern nation.

本文主要分为五个部分，在绪论中主要叙述了张君劢宪政哲学思想之研究现状以及张君劢宪政思想历程，把张君劢的宪政活动和思想认识做出了初步的概括，使我们能更加清楚的理解他的宪政哲学思想背景；第二部分主要是对其宪政哲学思想形成之基础进行归纳与总结，叙述张君劢对中西文化的认识和理解，研究其宪政哲学思想之中西文化的理论背景；第三部分则是对张君劢宪政思想之哲学演变的探讨，叙述了其宪政哲学思想从倭伊铿哲学转向康德哲学的演变过程，从其思想演变过程来理解张君劢宪政哲学在中国民主宪政建设中的作用和意义；第四部分主要是从张君劢各种宪法草案以及宪政活动中概括其宪政哲学思想之特征，从而得出其民族意识、德法合一与精神自由的宪政哲学核心内涵，并且在时代的背景下对其社会主义思想与马克思主义社会主义观进行了比较研究；第五部分则是对张君劢宪政哲学思想的一种再认识，指出了其宪政哲学思想在当代仍饱含着建设性的意义，并且赞同其复兴儒家文化的主张，认为这一主张在当代社会发展中仍有十分巨大的现实意义，在这些认识基础上，笔者认识到我们仍要保持一种批判与继承的态度去看待张君劢宪政哲学思想。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。