自由契约的

Now we are developingthe socialism market economy vigorously, we should reveal the principleof contractive freedom brightly and clearly.

在大力发展社会主义市场经济的今天，对于我们这样一个缺少自由传统和私法理念浸淫的国家，应旗帜鲜明地在合同法中彰显契约自由原则。

That your Petitioners apprehind we have in common with all other men a natural right to our freedoms without Being depriv'd of them by our fellow men as we are a freeborn Pepele and have never forfeited this Blessing by any compact or agreement whatever.

您的申诉者明白，如果我们的同胞没有剥夺我们的自由的话，我们也和其它人一样都有获得这些自由的天赋权利，因爲我们是生而自由的而且从未签订任何契约或协议放弃上帝的这项恩赐。

It bagged the contractual freedom of the contract realm, the marriage last will and testament of the marriage family realm waits freely.

它囊括了合同领域的契约自由，婚姻家庭领域的婚姻遗嘱自由等。

After the intermediate stage in the Medieval Europe, the deed theories of Hebrew culture was not only enormously promoted the economic development , with contracting freedom inherited from the ancient Rome culture, Moreover, it had expedited the people sovereignty theories. After the combination of the neoteric commodity economy with the theories of Christianity\'s original sin, belief doctrine, and the wealth view, which gave birth to the supreme status of constitution, and the conception of equality, freedom, and so on. Christianity\'s wealth view (especially the Protestantism ethics) enormously promoted the capitalism expansion and finally forms the conception that private property are sacrosanctity. The ideology of successive authority restriction from Christianity, and the Christianity\'s exercise to partial legislative power and jurisdiction power, combined with autonomous cities based on commodity economy, and the political phenomenon that merchants exerted legislative power and jurisdiction power. Those had made the mundane ruler such as king, and so on, could only take the exertion of tax revenue power as the main symbol administrative authorities. It provided historical and psychological foundation for the birth of modern decentralization theories .

希伯来文化中的"约"和古罗马的契约自由不仅极大地促进中世纪中期以后欧洲商品经济的发展，而且催生了人民主权理念；基督教的"原罪说"、信仰主义和财富观等与近代商品经济的结合，生成了宪法至上及平等、自由等权利观念；基督教的财富观极大地促进了资本主义扩大再生产的实现并最终形成私有财产神圣不可侵犯的财产权观念；基督教会传承的权力制约思想及基督教会对部分立法权和司法权的行使，与建立在商品经济基础上的自治城市及商人行使立法权、司法权等政治现象相耦合，使得国王等世俗的统治者习惯于只行使以税收权为主要标志的行政权，为近代分权学说的产生和分权制度的建立提供了历史和心理的基础。

After the intermediate stage in the Medieval Europe, the deed theories of Hebrew culture was not only enormously promoted the economic development , with contracting freedom inherited from the ancient Rome culture, Moreover, it had expedited the people sovereignty theories. After the combination of the neoteric commodity economy with the theories of Christianity"s original sin, belief doctrine, and the wealth view, which gave birth to the supreme status of constitution, and the conception of equality, freedom, and so on. Christianity"s wealth view (especially the Protestantism ethics) enormously promoted the capitalism expansion and finally forms the conception that private property are sacrosanctity. The ideology of successive authority restriction from Christianity, and the Christianitys exercise to partial legislative power and jurisdiction power, combined with autonomous cities based on commodity economy, and the political phenomenon that merchants exerted legislative power and jurisdiction power. Those had made the mundane ruler such as king, and so on, could only take the exertion of tax revenue power as the main symbol administrative authorities. It provided historical and psychological foundation for the birth of modern decentralization theories .

希伯来文化中的"约"和古罗马的契约自由不仅极大地促进中世纪中期以后欧洲商品经济的发展，而且催生了人民主权理念；基督教的"原罪说"、信仰主义和财富观等与近代商品经济的结合，生成了宪法至上及平等、自由等权利观念；基督教的财富观极大地促进了资本主义扩大再生产的实现并最终形成私有财产神圣不可侵犯的财产权观念；基督教会传承的权力制约思想及基督教会对部分立法权和司法权的行使，与建立在商品经济基础上的自治城市及商人行使立法权、司法权等政治现象相耦合，使得国王等世俗的统治者习惯于只行使以税收权为主要标志的行政权，为近代分权学说的产生和分权制度的建立提供了历史和心理的基础。

He referred to how nondemocratic governments in Europe had corrupted modern people when he wrote in his book The Social Contract," man was born free, and everywhere he is in chains."

在他的《社会契约论》一书里，卢梭曾例举了欧洲非民主国家是如何腐蚀了现代人，他写到&人类生来自由，但之后却无处不被枷锁所束缚&。

Moreover, it is the Roman law that gestated the concept and thought of freedom of contract.

而且，正是罗马法孕育了契约自由的观念和思想。

Key words: Sunk Costs by Changes in Contractual Arrangement, Sunk Costs by Production Factor Mobility, Market Exit, State-Ownership Exit

内容摘要：亏损的在位国有企业退出，如果参与者没有契约性沉淀成本和生产要素沉淀成本，那么企业会自由退出市场。

In a "social contract," men agree to give up many personal liberties and accept such rule.

在一个&社会契约&，男子同意放弃了许多个人自由和接受这样的规则。

The British Commonwealth of Nations, the second military and naval Power of importance cooperating in a binding compact with the USA as a Power for freedom, shall retain and acquire control such territories, peace-security bases and strategic islands outposts essential for the maintenance of world peace and freedom as outlines on the map.

在英联邦，第二个军事和海军力量的重要性合作的一项具有约束力的契约，美国作为一个自由的权力，应保留并获得控制这些领土，和平与安全的基础和战略群岛前哨对于维护世界和平与自由的概述在地图上。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。