自由主义的

But be in new latitudinarian be popular while, also appeared in western economist the angle from theory and practice is critically the strong voice of mode of new latitudinarian economy, have the harm that more and more people realise to thoughts of new latitudinarian economy may be brought, the influence of thoughts of new latitudinarian economy increasingly type is small.

但就在新自由主义大行其道的同时，在西方经济学家中也出现了从理论和实践的角度批判新自由主义经济模式的强烈呼声，有越来越多的人认识到新自由主义经济思潮可能带来的危害，新自由主义经济思潮的影响日益式微。

In British history, Palmerston acted as a bridge form defense molding liberalism to modified liberalism.

在英国自由主义发展史上，帕麦斯顿是守成型自由主义与改良型自由主义之间的桥梁。

The author in this chapter holds that legal value of liberalism determines the capacity of parties to contracts as subjects and their rights and obligations, and therefore, the idea of liberalism is the soul of contracts, and contracts are a direct outcome of the value of liberalism, and the existance of free contracts will become meaningless without the supremeness of individual rights orignated in liberalism.

因此，可以说，自由主义思想是契约的灵魂，契约是自由主义价值的直接产物，没有自由主义思想中的个人权利至高无上性，自由正义的契约就无从存在。

After AlexanderⅡwas assassinated, the liberalism movement transitorily passed through dormant, then got gradually much more radical, and set up own political parties in the turn of the century, and the constitutionalism went into active highly, and the Russia liberalism had also realized the transformation from "old" to "new".

亚历山大二世被刺杀后，在沙皇政府的高压之下，自由主义运动经过短暂的蛰伏便渐趋激进，并于世纪之交组建起了自己的政党组织，知识分子取代贵族成为自由主义运动的主体，立宪主义空前活跃，俄国自由主义也由此实现了从"旧"向"新"的转变。

Lacking in historical and cultural traditions and public support, the Russian liberalism was taken as a social carrier only by part of the aristocracy, intellectuals and the bureaucracy. Those Russians with libral attitudes and activators in local self-government offices in Russia dare never self-appoint "liberalists." As a result, liberalism never rose as the mainline ideology.

俄国自由主义缺乏历史文化传统和民众基础，只有一部分贵族、知识分子和官僚作为它的社会载体，俄国地方自治局的活动家和具有自由主义倾向的人始终不敢以&自由主义者&自称，俄国自由主义终究未能成为俄国社会的主流意识形态。

The thesis is writed, setting its base on the three traditions ( publicanism and liberalism and mentalism) and referring to the ideal lines of positive liberty and negative liberty, it analyses the course of transfer of liberalism theory and the theoretical essential in some works of its typical writer; reviews the statements on economic freedom by Marx.

文中基于自由的三个理论传统：共和主义的传统、自由派的传统、唯心主义自由传统，遵从积极自由和消极自由等思路，分析了经济自由主义的理论变迁过程和一些代表作家的理论实质，回顾了马克思主义对经济领域自由的表述，运用马克思主义唯物辩证法，历史地分析经济领域自由的阶段性发展，得出了一些富有新意的思想。

And the world, to each individual, means the part of it with which he comes in contact; his party, his sect, his church, his class of society: the man may be called, by comparison, almost liberal and large-minded to whom it means anything so comprehensive as his own country or his own age.

而所谓世界，就每个个人说来，是指世界中他所接触到的一部分，如他的党、他的派、他的教会、他的社会阶级；至于若有一人以为所谓世界是广泛到指着他自己的国度或者他自己的时代，那么，比较起来，他就可称为几近自由主义的和心胸广大的了。

On the other, it is a country with a strong traditional familial culture, mixing the Jewish majority's traditions and religious values with those of traditional Muslim, Christian and Druze minorities,s7 Israel's mixed values are reflected in its legal regime, which combines Western liberal constitutionalism with Jewish traditional religious laws and values

在另一个方面，它是有强烈的传统家庭的文化观念的一个国家，还混合着犹太人的多数传统和宗教性的价值和传统回教徒、基督徒和德鲁士，以色列合法政权中的混合价值被反映在一起结合西方自由主义的立宪主义和犹太人的传统宗教性的法律和价值中。

Democratic lawmaking procedure is the only resource of legitimacy in a post- metaphysical time. But there was a struggle between two resource of legitimacy which are human right and popular sovereignty. In resent several decades, the claim advocated by liberalism prevails and insists that human right is prior to popular sovereignty. As a west Marxism, Habermas anxious about how the core idea of radical democracy, legitimate law can only be endowed by its addressers, can be realized in a complex modern society. His effort embodied in his discursive interpretation of popular sovereignty and two-track deliberative democracy.

在后形而上学时代，民主的立法程序是合法性的唯一资源，但人权和人民主权这两种合法化资源在政治思想史上一直相互竞争，在近几十年中，自由主义的主张——人权优先于人民主权一直占有压倒性优势，作为西方马克思主义代表人物的哈贝马斯所关心的问题是，激进民主的核心理想——法律的合法性只能由服从它的公民来赋予——如何才能在复杂而多元的现代社会中继续保持其活力？

Rorty defends liberalism by partly violating the needs of foundation, by pointing out the contingent characteristics of liberalism society, and by sketching ""liberal ironists"" to describe the liberal society that he is longing for.""

罗蒂为自由主义辩护的办法是，通过偏离对基础的要求，通过指出对自由主义社会随机性的特点，通过勾画&自由反讽人&这一人物来对其憧憬的自由主义社会作描述。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐