自由

Notwithstanding the occasional absolutist claims for academic freedom, which some seem to understand as the freedom of academics to do anything, this paper argues that intellectual freedom is restricted to the role of universities and must be checked by other competing interests of society.

尽管一些专制主义者也偶尔主张学术自由，也就是一些人理解的对任何学术问题的自由，但是此文认为，学术自由应仅限于大学里学术观点的自由，并且要同时受到社会其他利益的制约。

The results shown that 12-molybdophosphoric acid did play inhibition in radical reactions, and the mechanism was conformed as electron capture theory.

通过使用电子顺磁共振仪对苯乙烯自由基聚合体系中自由基的跟踪测试，进一步证实12-钼磷酸确实能够在自由基聚合体系中起到阻聚剂的作用，而且更加明确地提出其阻聚机理：通过捕获体系中的电子达到抑制自由基聚合反应的发生。

Thucydides speaks without hesitation of an "isonomic oligarchy," and later we find isonomia used by Plato quite deliberately in contrast to, rather than in vindication of, democracy.

但是这个尼西亚斯在同一个场合所称的&自由国家中最自由的国家&的这种自由——希腊人和被这种自由激励的伊丽莎白时代英国人享有的那种自由——是怎么构成的？

This artcle starts with opening out the connotaion of the Power of Judge Discretion and sums up the characters of the Discretion.lt tries to previde theoretic supports and reasonable gists for the being of the Power by way of hackling about the judgement of the value of Discretion among all theories.lt is the precondition and foundation for us to study the scope and limit of the Discretion.

本文从揭示法官自由裁量权的内涵出发，概括出法官自由裁量权的基本特征。文章通过对理论界各种关于法官自由裁量权价值评判的梳理，为法官自由裁量权的存在提供理论支撑和合理性依据。这是我们研究法官自由裁量权范围和限度的前提和基础。

As the core, Young Marx's initiative definition of law and liberty and his deep study on the dialectic relation between law and liberty, which insisted that law be the positive existence of liberty, law be not rejective to law. Liberty exhibits general rights only in real law and laws always enforce someone who is subjective to law into a free man.

青年马克思初步明确了法律与自由的含义，并对两者的辨证关系进行了深刻把握，他强调法律是自由的肯定存在，法律并不排斥自由，自由只有在真正的法律中才表现为公民普遍的权利，法律总是强迫不服从法律的人成为自由的人。

It was important for us that the solution be uncontroversially free so that other distributions might adopt it; many had already rejected these for GPL incompatibility reasons.

对於自由软体社群而言、新的软体专案的性质可否被验证为具有「高度软体自由性」一事非常重要，若是限制过多或是条款内容过於繁复新颖，则软体社群取用的机率就大为降低(另一方面来看、对这个新专案进行除错增补的机率也是大为降低)，是以很多情形下、某些新的自由软体专案不为自由软体社群所接纳采用，最大的原因并非其程式编写技术粗略，而很可能是因为其与GPL授权条款无法相容而根本上就被大多数的自由软体开发者拒绝取用。

Starting from the right of equality, Rawls animadverts utilitarianism and substitutes it for "two principles as fairness and justice" in which rational people choose under the "original position", and thinks everyone should be equal and people should distribute wealth according to "the principle of justice as fairness", unless you have the enough reasons that can justify everyone should be unequal. He understands the distributive object as a series of public resources and systems of liberty, including the positions and offices, opportunity, natural endowment, honor, safety, freedom of life and action, freedom of thought and conscience. The aims of distributive principle of justice are to realize rational distribution of these public resources in a cooperative and well-ordered society. Starting from inalienable rights of man, Nozick thinks that everyone should be unequal, unless you have sufficient reasons that can justify everyone should be equal and without the consent of the individual, others can not infringe upon his property and rights with any excuses. He advances the justice of "holding" with a theory of qualification and entitlement, and maintains individual economic and free rights and the right of property.

罗尔斯从平等的权利出发，通过&原初状态&下的理性人自主选择&公平正义的两个原则&来取代功利主义，认为除非有充足理由证明应当不平等，否则就应当平等，并根据公平的正义原则分配公共资源和自由体系，包括职务、机会、天赋、荣誉、安全、人生行动自由、思想自由和良心自由等，&分配的正义观&就是要实现这些公共资源在一个合作且秩序良好的自由体系里的合理分配；诺齐克从人的不可剥夺的权利出发，认为除非你有充足理由证明应当平等，否则就应当不平等，没有个体的同意，任何人也不能以任何借口侵犯他的财产和权利，通过&资格&理论确立&持有&的正当性，维护个人的经济自由权利和财产权利。

The rules of fluid rate with different technical parameters: the increase of electromagnetic force causes the increases of the fluid rates at S/L interface and free surface, the decrease of skin depth, the increase of electric current density which will make the fluid at free surface flowing faster, while it doesnt affect the fluid rate at S/L interface. When the height of melt increases, the both of fluid rates will increase too. The increase of the width-thickness ratio augments the fluid rates along the wider edges at S/L interface evidently, while the rates along the narrow edges will have little change, and the rate at free surface has little change too. The increase of overheat degree minishes the range of mush zone, while the fluid rates at S/L interface and free surface will increase evidently.

流速的大小随各种不同工艺因素的变化呈现出一定的变化规律：随电磁力的增大，固液界面以及自由表面处的流速都会增大；集肤层渗入深度变薄，电流密度增大，会导致自由表面上流动的加强，但对固液界面处的流动速度影响不大；熔区高度的增加，也会使固液界面及自由表面处的流动增强；宽厚比增大时，固液界面上沿宽面方向的流动显著增强，但窄面方向流速变化不大，同时自由表面上流速变化也较小；过热度及温度梯度的增大，使糊状区减小，导致固液界面及自由表面处的流速显著增大。

The invention comprises a free-form surface prism with three optical surfaces, and a micro-image display; the free-form surface prism is made of plastic glass materials with the refractive index greater than 1; the three free-form optical surfaces are concave surfaces, which meet one of the three surface-type equations, and the location relationship of each surface meets three condition equations; the incident angle formed between the widest-field upper edge rays emitted by an LCD and the second free-form surface meets the total reflection conditions; and an image source element is an LCD of 0.61 or 0.59 inches.

本发明包含一个具有三个光学表面的自由曲面棱镜和一个微型图像显示器，自由曲面棱镜采用折射率大于1的塑料玻璃材料，自由曲面棱镜的三个自由曲面光学表面均为凹形面，它们应满足三个面型方程之一，并且各表面的位置关系应满足三个条件方程，由LCD发出的最大视场上边缘光线在第二自由曲面上的入射角应满足全反射条件，像源元件为0.61或0.59英寸的LCD。

FIRST, THAT WE HAVE GRANTED TO GOD, and by this present charterhave confirmed for us and our heirs in perpetuity, that the EnglishChurch shall be free, and shall have its rights undiminished, and itsliberties unimpaired. That we wish this so to be observed, appears fromthe fact that of our own free will, before the outbreak of the presentdispute between us and our barons, we granted and confirmed by charterthe freedom of the Church's elections - a right reckoned to be of thegreatest necessity and importance to it - and caused this to beconfirmed by Pope Innocent III.

首先，我们用这份摆在面前的为了我们自己及后嗣而共同确定的宪章永久的应许上帝：英格兰的教会应当自由，应当拥有它的权利和自由，不得侵害；我们希望这一点被注意到，在这次我们和我们的巴仁们的争议爆发之前，用我们自己的自由意愿，我们用宪章应许和确定了教会选举的自由这个事实——一项被认为是对于自由意愿而言最必要和重要的的权利——曾由教皇英诺森三世确认。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。