自然地理

The Inter-Institutional Database of Fish Biodiversity in the Neotropics is an international cooperative effort to make available systematic and geographic data on Neotropical freshwater fish specimens deposited in natural history collections in the New World and Europe.

该数据库通过国际上的共同努力使新热带地区淡水鱼类标本的系统数据和地理数据是可获得的。这些标本主要存放于新大陆和欧洲的自然历史收藏品中。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

And the author summarized the main identifiable features at the genera level. Some pictures of new reported species have been drawn. In the thesis, the author studied its geographical elements, compared the species abundance, the generic similarity coefficient, the phytogeographical elrments,and analyzed the floristic spectrum using the method of Principal Component Analysis . According to the comparison between the area of Pangquangou Nature Reserve and other 8 areas, The abundance of the bryophytes of Pangquangou Nature Reserve lower than the other 8 area.

通过物种丰富度、属相似系数、区系谱主成分分析、区系地理成分分析等多种方法与内蒙古七老图山、山东崂山、福建鹫东麓、新疆东部天山和吉林省长白山、河南云台山、河北小五台山、滦河上游地区8个地区的苔藓植物区系进行了比较，发现庞泉沟自然保护区苔藓植物物种丰富度最低。

This paper also brings forward the strategic target of planning and designing the green system in this region to provide reference and guidance for planning work. Based on GIS, this paper analyzes landscape spatial pattern, dynamic pattern and landscape functional division. And it holds out the planning project to major the structure of green system in the research zone. And that is the core content in this research. There is peculiar sense to represent and extend the psammophyte garden in justifying the agriculture framework in the research zone. So this paper takes the psammophyte garden as a concrete unit to proceed landscape eco-designing.

在对研究区的自然、社会环境及其景观生态基本特征等深入分析的基础上，提出了该地区绿地系统景观生态规划与设计的目标，为规划工作提供依据与指导；在地理信息系统支持下，进行景观生态分类与制图、景观空间格局及其动态分析以及景观功能分区，在此基础上提出研究区绿地系统结构优化的规划方案，这是本研究的核心内容；由于沙生植物园区的示范推广对研究区的农业结构调整具有特殊的意义，因此，本文以白埕村沙生植物园区作为具体单元，进行景观生态设计。

Effect of distances between residental sites and wetland on wetland change was also discussed.(3) New emergy indices were constructed according to emergy flow of the system to show the ecological and economic output levels, and new models for every ecological and economic system relating to wetland change were built.

2从气候、水文等自然因素以及人口、经济发展、市场化、技术进步和政策等社会经济因素着手，从定性、定量角度分析了环杭州湾地区15年来湿地景观变化的驱动力，并从地理空间角度探讨了距居民点距离对湿地演化的影响。

Long time, because the main city of Chengdu is located in the hinterland of Sichuan Basin, the seasonal high frequency of calm winds, temperature inversion strength, subject to a special geographical environment and climatic conditions, in a natural state, city over to respirable particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, represented by the proliferation of difficulties in dilution of air pollutants, resulting in a large number of pollutants in the basin, retention, accumulation.

长的时间，因为成都的主要城市是位于四川盆地，平静的季节风高频率的腹地，逆温强度，受特殊的地理环境和气候条件在自然状态，城市对可吸入颗粒物，二氧化硫，由空气污染物的稀释扩散代表的困难，在污染物在盆地，保存，造成大量积累。

The paper sees Horton code as a primary characteristic value and generalizing condition of the river network, and selects, simplifies and generalizes river based on scale of before and after generalization,, The main contents of paper include:(1)Reviews generalization concept, arithmetic operators, methods, influence factor and frame of map generalization and design, analyze core theory of feature —oriented map generalization, discuss the main context and applicable method of river feature generalization(2) Summarizes natural form and spatial configuration characteristic of the river network, and describe the river network using digraph Paper mostly researches tree —like river, identifies the direction of river based on the angle of the main and secondary reach, and identifies the main river based on most length and predominant continuation of the flow direction along the major channel , then receives the grade of river by recursion and structuralize river network, builds hiberarchy rank system of river based on Horton coding(3)Designs the model of river network based on Horton code, and organizes the data of node, branch and river.

本论文把Horton编码作为水系网的一个主要特征值并以此作为综合条件，并根据综合前后的比例尺对水系网进行选取、化简和概括。论文的主要工作包括：(1)总结地图综合的概念、算子分解、实现方法、主要影响因素和总体设计框架，分析面向地理特征的制图综合的核心理论支撑，在此基础上讨论水系专题要素综合的主要内容和综合适用的方法。(2)总结水系网的自然形态和空间结构特征，用图论对水系网进行描述。以树状水系作为主要研究对象，依据树状水系的主支流交汇关系确定水系流向，依据水系中主流的长度最长和主流保持原有的流向趋势确定主流，按此递归得到河流的不同级别，对基于河段组织的水系网结构化，自动建立水系的Horton编码。(3)设计基于Horton码的水系网模型，对结点、河段、河流和河系的数据进行有效的组织。

As a result of the Tarim basin special geography and the climatic conditions, Suaeda rigida Kung et G. L. Chu receives the influences of the natural and human factors.

由于塔里木河流域特殊的地理和气候条件下，碱蓬rigida西贡等吉尔楚接收的影响，自然和人为因素。

The three-ring line in Beijing seems to be a small community of small nodes in major cities, small cities, so that it has been the rapid expansion forgotten, whether it is a natural social environment for the community or the community of life are floating population the surrounding high-rise buildings, bustling city noise out of tune, I lived just a few days, so I can not judge how he formed, but her presence is the first time I came to Beijing to surprise some people, the tension of Beijing has been expanding beyond the three-ring style, and even farther into the tetracyclic rings greater geographical direction, but this community did not catch up with this tide, he just quietly watching the dramatic changes around, and silence in their own small world.

这个位于北京三环线上的小社区似乎是一个大城市中的小节点，小的让它在城市的急速扩张中被人遗忘，无论是社区的自然社会环境还是社区中生活的外来流动人口都与周围的高楼大厦、喧嚣的城市繁华格格不入，我才刚刚生活了几天的时间，所以我无法判断他如何形成，但她的存在还是让我这个第一次来北京的人有些吃惊，北京城的张力已经膨胀式的越过了三环，冲向四环五环乃至更远更大的地理方向，但是这样的社区却没有赶上这样的潮头，他只是默默的关注着周围发生的剧烈变化，而沉默于自己小世界里。

While traffic is rapidly improved, the second revolution is the canal in eastern, railway transport development due to the geographical expansion westward movement before the urgent need to strengthen ties to realizing economic sustainable and stable development, so canalized into nature. In 1825, the Erie canal opened became the first water channel between the communication.

同时交通道路也得到迅速改善，第二个革命是东西部运河的开凿，在铁路运输发展之前由于西进运动地理扩张迫切需要加强联系，以实现经济的持续、稳定发展，所以开凿运河成了自然。1825年伊利运河开通成为沟通东西部的第一条水陆通道。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。