自然主义

I can only try to discuss the philosophical and psychological background of Open Education. I would like to start the discussion from the theory of Naturalism, Humanism, Progressionism, structural psychology and human-based psychology.

笔者仅探讨开放教育的哲学与心理学背景，试就自然主义、人文主义、进步主义、建构心理学、人本心理学等的学说分别阐述，与其对开放教育的启示作一说明，以揭示实施开放教育的理论基础。

First, it gives a retrospective study of the demarcation problems in philosophy of science and explains how under different criteria of science/pseudoscience Feng-shui activities may be regarded as scientific or pseudoscientific.

其次，论文引入科学实践哲学和科学知识社会学的新视角，试图在科学知识社会学的案例研究的自然主义描述方式、微观的发生学进路和科学哲学对实践和语境重视的背景下对风水进行一次再考察。

Reductionistic and eliminative materialistic approaches, for example the Multiple Drafts Model, hold that consciousness can be wholly explained by neuroscience through the workings of the brain and its neurons, thus adhering to biological naturalism.

Reductionistic和消除的唯物论的方法，例如多份草稿塑造，保持知觉可以用神经科学完全解释通过脑子和它的神经元的工作，因而遵守生物自然主义。

Such an ideology has undoubtable theoretical and social value .which has ever stimulated many people with high ideals to develop the human society.influenced the following scholars" theoretical research and the rulers" dominating thoughts .

它所内含的积极入世精神使其有别于道家的自然主义，避免了消极避世、独上小楼以成就一己的倾向，能够激发人们治国平天下的热情，使人们有志于在改造现实和实现社会进步的过程中实现自己的人生价值，有助于未知世界的探索和社会前进；它贴近人文的理论特点则使其区别于法家的势术说，弱化了政治的工具理性，而致力于终极关怀，以人为目的，关注人的生命价值和存在意义，有利于&仁&的理念全面占领社会生活，人类因此而进入道德、文明的理想世界。

This dramatic idea had similarities with those of other innovative genres such as Zolaism and Symbolism, however there still existed substantial differences among them, which were the unique features of Chekhovian drama.

这些戏剧思想与当时其他戏剧革新流派如自然主义、象征主义等有相似之处，但也存在本质上的区别，而这些区别也是契诃夫戏剧的独特性之所在。

That is why some people say we are "naturalistic," and if we are, it is strange to see how much we scandalise and horrify them, for no one seems to be much frightened or humiliated nowadays by what is properly called naturalism.

这也就是为什么有些人说我们是&自然主义的&，假使我们是自然主义者的话，这倒奇怪了，因为今天我们却比名符其实的自然主义者更使他们感到震惊和畏惧。

That is why some people say we are "naturalistic," and if we are, it is strange to see how much we scandalise and horrify them, for no one seems to be much frightened or humiliated nowadays by what is properly called naturalism.

这就是为什么有些人说我们是&自然主义者&的缘故，但是果真如此的话，他们这样对我们大惊小怪又为着何来，因为目前人们对所谓真正的自然主义好象并不怎么害怕或者引以为耻。

Huxley wanted science to be secular, without religious interference, and his article in the April 1860 Westminster Review promoted scientific naturalism over natural theology, praising Darwin for "extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has, as yet, hardly penetrated". In April 1860, Huxley coined the term "Darwinism" as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science.

赫胥黎希望科学是世俗的，没有宗教干涉；1860年4月他在《威斯敏斯特评论》上的文章宣传了科学的自然主义，以对抗自然神学；他赞扬达尔文&将科学的管辖范围扩大到迄今为止科学几乎完全不能渗透的思想领域&。1860年4月，赫胥黎创造了&达尔文主义&一词，以促进科学世俗化和职业化。

The core of "naturalist fallacy" is the logical contradiction between "fact" and "value". Environmental ethics blears this logical contradiction, so it is criticized and kept in trouble.

&自然主义谬误&的核心是&事实&与&价值&之间的逻辑矛盾，环境伦理学&模糊&了这个界限，所以遭到非议，并陷入困境。

Now, I Zhang Wei, the earliest return to civil author of a recent one of the works "indecencies or romantic", which to explore what it contained natural factors.

现在，我就张炜，这一最早回归民间的作家之一的最近一部作品《丑行或浪漫》，来探究一下它其中所包含的自然主义因素。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。