自然

Cultivated land quality was assessed by BP neural network in Dazu County, Chongqing. The assessment results showed that paddy lands were mainly of the second-grade and third-grade, while dry lands were mainly of the first-grade and second-grade. It illustrated the high natural quality of the cultivated land, but the natural quality only reflected land natural characteristics. Therefore, influence coefficient was used to modify natural quality index based on the investigation to households. At the same time, by using the household income as the value of cultivated land, the impact of natural quality and investment structure on the value were further discussed. The results showed that trinomial equation and binomial equation were fitted to reflect the relationship between natural quality and income.

该文采用BP神经网络模型对重庆市大足县耕地自然质量进行评价，发现研究区水田自然质量等级以二等地和三等地为主，旱地以一等地和二等地为主，耕地自然质量总体偏高；但耕地自然质量仅仅是耕地自然属性的反映，因此在基于对研究区农户行为调查的基础上，采用"影响力系数"对耕地自然质量进行修正，并将农户收益作为耕地质量货币化价值的表现，进一步讨论了耕地自然质量和农户投资结构对这种价值的影响以反映对耕地质量的影响。

According to the present situations of protected area in China and referring to the definition and category abroad, we suggested the forest natural protected area mainly include three types as follow: Nature Reserves (NR; types of forest eco-system), Forest Parks and Public Welfare Tree Farm. Researches of evaluation on ecotourism resources of forest natural protected area focused on two aspects basically: to appraise and account the ecotourism resources monetarily from the standpoint of pure economics; to assess the exploitability of ecotourism resources based on the theories of conservation biology and ecology, in which finding the reasonable equilibrating point between protection and: utilization was emphasized. On the studies of development pattern of forest ecotourism resources, it is necessary to deal with the relationship between protection and exploitation correctively, namely to put the protection as the first consideration and balance the "Tree r.1ajor Benefits" so that prompting the virtuous circle afforest ecotourism.

根据我国自然保护地的实际情况，参考国外自然保护地的定义与分类方式，可认为我国的森林自然保护地主要应主要包括森林生态系统类型自然保护区、森林公园及公益林场三种类型；森林自然保护地的生态旅游资源评价研究主要集中在两方面：一是单纯地从经济学角度对旅游资源游憩价值进行货币化评价与核算，二是从保护生物学和生态学角度对资源的可开发性进行评价，其侧重在于找到保护与开发的的科学平衡点；在森林自然保护地旅游资源的开发模式研究上，必须正确处理开发与保护的关系，把保护放在第一位，坚持"三大效益"兼顾的原则，才能实现森林生态旅游资源开发与保护的良性循环。

This article in summarizes in our country nature protection area construction achievement foundation, outlined the nature protection area to each kind of natural ecosystem, the wild biology, the domesticated spec ie s, the wild blood relationship to plant and the idioplasm resources conservation present situation, including has constructed the nature protection area for protection biodiversity various components quantity, the area, the distribution and the management; Has appraised the nature protection area to the biodiversity various components protection effect; Has analyzed the existence question and proposed that strengthens measure which the biodiversity protects.

自然保护区建设是保护生物多样性的最有效途径。至1993年底，我国共建立各类型自然保护区763个，总面积6618万hm2，约占国土面积的6.8%。本文在总结我国自然保护区建设成就的基础上，概述了自然保护区对各类自然生态系统、野生生物、驯化物种、野生亲缘种及种质资源保护的现状，包括为保护生物多样性各组分已建自然保护区的数量、面积、分布及管理；评价了自然保护区对生物多样性各组分保护的效果；分析了存在问题并提出加强生物多样性就地保护的措施。

As a part of enlightening culture, the enlightening literature is definitely a window that publicizes the logos spirit, however, literature is different from philosophy, literature is the artistic transexpression of the Zeitgeist, but not the direct expression of the rational principles, in the eighteenth century the thought of natural logos brought the production of the free humanity of literature, Faust pursues and explores forward constantly, which stands for the permanent"human"spirit, it means the human's release and rein on the atman, it is the natural situation after breaking the fetters, and it is the revertion of the human natural inbeing; Naive man is the unit that has not been touched by"civilization", it is the origianl nature of human beings, during the conflict and collision of these two different cultures--"nature"and"civilization", it holds the independent free spirit homestead; emotion is natural, when the society made it institutionalized, it is catabolized, Lockersha Na heard the voice of heart under the system of plural marriage, she released the human natural emotion, reverted the natural humanity; under the"civilization", individuality is deprived,"civilization"becomes the contrary of civilization, Rameau's nephew championed the individual existence and freedom in the period of losing"self", it stands for the"self"shaping in the independent pose.

启蒙文学作为启蒙文化的一部分，它自然是张扬自然理性精神的一个窗口，然而，文学又不同于哲学，文学是对时代精神作艺术化的转达，而不是理性原则的直接的传声筒，十八世纪自然理性的思想养料孕育的是文学中自由人性的灿烂之花，浮士德不断地向上求索，代表着永不息止的"人"的精神，"人"的精神是人对于自我本体的一种释放与驾驭，是挣脱枷锁之后的自由状态，是对人之自然本性的还原；天真汉是未曾受过"文明"浸染的个体，代表人类之原本的自然天性，在"自然"与"文明"两种异质文化的冲突与碰撞中，维系着个体独立自由的精神家园；情感本属自然的，在社会将其制度化的同时，也将其异化了，洛克莎娜在一夫多妻制下，聆听的是个体心底之声，释放人之自然感情，复原自然之人性；"文明"下，个体性被剥夺，"文明"已堕入文明的对立面，拉摩的侄儿在"我"丧失的时代，捍卫了个体自我的在场性与自由性，代表了以独立个体之姿存在的"我"。

Now China possesses 31 World Heritage and can be listed the third in the world. But only 1/4 World Heritage is natural heritage or dual heritage, which is unconsistent with Chinese successful development in World Heritage protection. The application projects for World Heritage List are lessening now in China; Keynes Decision and Suzhou Decision has raised the standard of World Natural Heritage; INCN and ICOMOS are enhancing valuating and supervising systems; conflicts between utilization and conservation have arised due to different interests holders.

但自然遗产和双重遗产只占全部世界遗产的四分之一，这与我国日益壮大的世界遗产事业很不相称，也与世界上其他国家自然遗产属性具有趋同性；从我国现有的世界遗产预备清单及未来十年政府申报计划可看出，可申报自然遗产项目还在萎缩；《凯恩斯决议》、《苏州决定》在制度上提高了世界自然遗产的准入门槛；IUCN、ICOMOS等相关组织对世界自然遗产的评估和监测机制正在加强；不同利益主体的博弈人为加剧了我国世界自然遗产开发与保护之间的矛盾。

Viewing from the angle of the science of law and taking "rights" as the text for analysis,this article discusses the theoretical divergence on "the rights of nature" between the anthropocentrists and non-anthropocentrism.The anthropocentrists criticize the rights of nature from four aspects,its humanity,impracticality, uncontrollability and non-equivalence of its duties.The n...

从法学视角切入，以&权利&作为分析文本，论述了人类中心主义与非人类中心主义在&自然权利&上的理论分歧，人类中心主义者从权利的属人性、权利义务的不对等性、主张自然权利的非现实性以及自然权利的不可操作性四个方面对自然的权利提出了批判，而非人类中心主义者指出权利概念的在不断地扩展，人类中心主义不可能完全解决好人与自然的关系，自然权利存在着转化为在法律上具有可操作性的可能，并且自然权利理论已在法律实践领域拓展，对自然的权利进行了辩护，由此提出了&非人类中心主义&、&自然的权利&的环境伦理定位。

As a part of enlightening culture, the enlightening literature is definitely a window that publicizes the logos spirit, however, literature is different from philosophy, literature is the artistic transexpression of the Zeitgeist, but not the direct expression of the rational principles, in the eighteenth century the thought of natural logos brought the production of the free humanity of literature, Faust pursues and explores forward constantly, which stands for the permanent"human"spirit, it means the human's release and rein on the atman, it is the natural situation after breaking the fetters, and it is the revertion of the human natural inbeing; Naive man is the unit that has not been touched by"civilization", it is the origianl nature of human beings, during the conflict and collision of these two different cultures--"nature"and"civilization", it holds the independent free spirit homestead; emotion is natural, when the society made it institutionalized, it is catabolized, Lockersha Na heard the voice of heart under the system of plural marriage, she released the human natural emotion, reverted the natural humanity; under the"civilization", individuality is deprived,"civilization"becomes the contrary of civilization, Rameau's nephew championed the individual existence and freedom in the period of losing"self", it stands for the"self"shaping in the independent pose.

启蒙文学作为启蒙文化的一部分，它自然是张扬自然理性精神的一个窗口，然而，文学又不同于哲学，文学是对时代精神作艺术化的转达，而不是理性原则的直接的传声筒，十八世纪自然理性的思想养料孕育的是文学中自由人性的灿烂之花，浮士德不断地向上求索，代表着永不息止的&人&的精神，&人&的精神是人对于自我本体的一种释放与驾驭，是挣脱枷锁之后的自由状态，是对人之自然本性的还原；天真汉是未曾受过&文明&浸染的个体，代表人类之原本的自然天性，在&自然&与&文明&两种异质文化的冲突与碰撞中，维系着个体独立自由的精神家园；情感本属自然的，在社会将其制度化的同时，也将其异化了，洛克莎娜在一夫多妻制下，聆听的是个体心底之声，释放人之自然感情，复原自然之人性；&文明&下，个体性被剥夺，&文明&已堕入文明的对立面，拉摩的侄儿在&我&丧失的时代，捍卫了个体自我的在场性与自由性，代表了以独立个体之姿存在的&我&。

This article in summarizes in our country nature protection area construction achievement foundation, outlined the nature protection area to each kind of natural ecosystem, the wild biology, the domesticated species, the wild blood relationship to plant and the idioplasm resources conservation present situation, including has constructed the nature protection area for protection biodiversity various components quantity, the area, the distribution and the management; Has appraised the nature protection area to the biodiversity various components protection effect; Has analyzed the existence question and proposed that strengthens measure whichthe biodiversity protects.

自然保护区建设是保护生物多样性的最有效途径。至1993年底，我国共建立各类型自然保护区763个，总面积6618万hm2，约占国土面积的6.8％。本文在总结我国自然保护区建设成就的基础上，概述了自然保护区对各类自然生态系统、野生生物、驯化物种、野生亲缘种及种质资源保护的现状，包括为保护生物多样性各组分已建自然保护区的数量、面积、分布及管理；评价了自然保护区对生物多样性各组分保护的效果；分析了存在问题并提出加强生物多样性就地保护的措施。

This article in summarizes in our country nature protection area construction achievement foundation, outlined the nature protection area to each kind of natural ecosystem, the wild biology, the domesticated species, the wild blood relationship to plant and the idioplasm resources conservation present situation, including has constructed the nature protection area for protection biodiversity various components quantity, the area, the distribution and the management; Has appraised the nature protection area to the biodiversity various components protection effect; Has analyzed the existence question and proposed that strengthens measure which the biodiversity protects.

择要：自然掩护区培植是掩护生物多样性的最有效路子。至1993岁尾，我国共成立种种型自然掩护区763个，总面积6618万hm2，约占疆域面积的6.8％。本文在总结我国自然掩护区培植成绩的基本上，概述了自然掩护区对种种自然生态体系、野生生物、驯化物种、野生亲缘种及种质资本掩护的现状，包孕为掩护生物多样性各组分已建自然掩护区的数量、面积、散布及打点；评价了自然掩护区对生物多样性各组分掩护的下场；剖析了存在题目并提出加强生物多样性就地掩护的法子。

During the first part, investigate the numbers and location of the different nature reserve, and review about its development, discuss the cause about the rapid developmeng about the protection areas of nature around Beijing. During the second part, this paper use the Geographical Information System to analyze the different sight function, plot our distinct function about the protection area of nature around Beijing. In the third part of this paper, the ecology function was special analyzed. This paper picked up several factor about the ecology and establish mathematics model to detect the most rational ecology distribution, bring forward the new constructive, wilder constructive and combination project. In the last parts of the paper, this paper use the Geographical Information System to analyze the different brim about the protection area of nature around Beijing, calculating the p/a and figure coefficient, and bring forward the brim theory for the nature reserve and city system.

在数量布局方面，包括北京周边各个不同级别的保护区的数目、位置分配布局和发展趋势研究，探讨北京市周边自然保护区数目和面积在99年和2000年突然增长的主要原因，以及今后北京自然保护区的发展方向；在景观布局方面，主要根据不同自然保护区的空间和功能的不同，计算延庆县各个自然保护区的景观多样性指数和景观优势度指数，并结合地理信息系统和航片，划分出不同的景观功能区间，以及各个功能区间之间的相互关系；在生态布局方面，综合考察北京周边自然状况，提取多项因子，建立评价模型，计算出各项因子权重，从而对其自然保护区的生态功能布局的合理性进行评价和趋势分析，为本文提出北京市周边自然保护区新建、扩建与合并的方案提供依据；在边缘布局方面，利用边缘效应理论和研究方法，创新提出&边缘类型样块分析法&，提取多个样方并结合地理信息系统，计算p/a比和自然保护区边缘的形状系数，划出自然保护区边缘效应趋势变化图，考察北京周边自然保护区的边缘效应，以及对城市的生态边缘功能。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了