自治

The town's ailing infrastructure 4 was overhauled 5 in the 1870s by Alexander 'Boss' Shepherd, whose extravagant use of federal funds and penchant for steamrolling anything in his way led to a crackdown by Congress that robbed DC of self-government for another 100 years. For the citizenry, it was a high price to pay for a city beginning to look like it might fulfil L'Enfant's original vision of a world-class capital.

整个城市萎靡不振的基础建设在1870年代由 Alexander 'Boss' Shepherd 重新翻修，但由於他过分利用联邦基金，同时强烈主导整修一事，导致美国国会迫使 DC 在接下来的100年，成为一个自治的区域；对於当地人民来说，这算是付出相当高的代价，因为原本这个城市将是一个世界级首都，但此时却沦为如此的情况。

For communities that were not sufficeintly Romanized yet, Latin status was granted, and they were now known as municipia. These communities were thus treated in exactly the same way as the old communities of Latium, which had long since been granted full citizenship, had been treated.

对于哪些尚未充分罗马化的社会，罗马人授予拉丁城邦地位，成为自治城市，就像罗马人以前对待拉丁姆地区的诸城镇一样，不过那些城镇很久以前就已获得了完全的罗马公民权。

However, comparing to the developed professional self-government of lawyering of the developed country, the Chinese administration ways to the lawyering didnt run more efficiently.

然而，与国外律师业发达国家采取的得到充分发展的律师行业自治模式相比，中国的管理模式并未有更优越的管理成效，相反却产生了与律师的职业使命相悖的一系列执业异化现象。

Through discussing the transformation of the system of lawyers during the generation and development of it, and analyzing the phenomena of practicing alienation which have emerged from the Chinese lawyering under Chinese system of lawyers in force, and combining the relevant internal and external theories, we hope to demonstrate some opinions.The first, the external conditions which included the considerable authoritative position of the law and the widespread acceptance by civilian under the rule-by-law situation of the west as England, U-S-A, France and Germany, and the internal conditions which included the great professional practical skills and the improvement of the autonomous and self-governing systems, had formed a great solid base for the establishment and development of the system of lawyers of the West.

拙文通过对律师制度的产生与发展过程中的制度演变的讨论，通过对中国现行律师制度之下中国律师业出现的执业异化的现象的剖析，从政治国家与市民社会的理论模型入手，结合国内外有关的理论探讨，力图说明以下观点：首先，已建立了律师制度的英、美、法、德等西方国家的高度法治状态下法律具有的至高无上的权威地位和民众对律师职业的内在认同等外部条件，以及律师具有的高度专业化的服务技能与他人无法取代的业务素养和律师业自治自律的机制的不断强化等内在条件，为这些西方国家的律师制度奠定了非常坚实的构建和发展的基础。

Both constitutional protection of human rights and the legal separation of the central and local power require the establishment of an independent organ of judicial nature for reviewing the validity of local regulations.

无论是中央和地方关系的法律界定，还是公民权利的宪法保障，都要求建立独立的司法机构以审查地方立法的有效性。关键词：流浪乞讨，地方自治，中央权限

Leger was granted estates at Ulcombe and became Lord of the Manor of Ulcombe.

Legder 曾被授予Ulcombe的封地（现属英国肯特郡Maidstone自治镇）并获得了Ulcombe领主的称号。

In this paper,we study the existence.uniqueness and asymptotic stability of the periodic solutions for a class of nonautonomous systems by using the method of Liapunov Function.

利用Liapunov函数方法，研究了一类非自治系统周期解的存在唯一性及渐近稳定性，得到了存在唯一渐近稳定的周期解的充分条件。

It is discussed that the methods of discrimination of the stability of the singular point of nonlinear autonomous system by using of eigenvalue,center manifold and Liapunov function .

给出了利用特征根、中心流形和李雅普诺夫函数判断非线性自治系统奇点稳定性的方法。

By the theory of difference equation and the construction of proper vector Liapunov function, we for the first time get the sufficient conditions for the permanence, extinction and balancing survival for this ndimensional system, which are all independent on the delays, hence under peroper conditions the time delays of this system are both harmless and profitless.

通过运用差分方程理论以及构造适当向量Liapunov泛函的方法，首次得到了此类系统多维自治的情形下系统持续生存、灭绝和残存的充分条件，这些充分条件均不依赖于时滞，因而在一定条件下，此系统中的滞后因素既是无害时滞也是无益时滞。

The reason why human being needs to be ruled and his self-government is hard to come into reality completely is fundamentally due to the physical existence of human life itself and the limitedness of his mental ability, which can also explain why "Regime-Constituting" is inevitably under some restrains.

人类之所以需要统治，之所以难以实现完全的自治，在根本上源于人自身的肉体性存在以及精神能力上的有限性，这也是"建构政制"本身必然受到一定限制的原因。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。