自治

To the shareholders, the fail of expectative benefit is the juristic base for lawsuit of company Judicial Dissolution.

对于公司而言，自治是维持公司良好运营发展的基础，当公司的自治发生偏离，无法依靠自身的力量而继续经营并为股东带来利益时，借助外力来纠正自治偏离成为必然。

Starts with the three parts of the relationship of the villages and towns government and the villager committees and the relationship of the two rural committees and the relationship of the two rural committees and villager, analyzes how the agriculture tax-and-fee reformation effects on the villagers" autonomy systematically, and think the agriculture tax-and-fee reformation will be advantageous to die down "theadministeration turn" of the village committees, meliorate the relationship of the two rural committees and the crowd, alleviate the two rural committees antinomy, promote organization construction of the two rural committees, but in the meantime also bring some series problems for the village autonomy such as public finance problem, tax fee tail owe problem etc., in the end put forward that we should push forward the villager" autonomy of the post-agriculture tax ages from the four parts of the Grass-roots Government, relationship between officials and the masses, relationship between the two rural committees and the village collective economy.

本文针对以上问题，运用理论研究与实证分析、静态分析与动态分析相结合等研究方法，从乡镇政府与村民委员会关系、村"两委"关系以及村"两委"与村民关系等三方面入手，系统地分析了农业税费改革对村民自治的影响，认为农业税费改革将有利于减弱村民委员会的"行政化"、理顺村"两委"与群众的关系、缓解村"两委"矛盾、促进村"两委"的组织建设，同时也为村民自治带来了一系列问题，如财政问题、税费尾欠问题等，最后提出应从基层政权改革、干群关系、两委关系以及农村集体经济等四个方面来推进后农业税时代的村民自治。

The first chapter emphasizes on the background and process of urban community autonomy, the process is divided into three stages: the rise of community building, the reform of the management system and the autonomy practice of resident to introducing the community development in our country. The second chapter introduces the present condition of the community autonomy in changshou road. Including the organizational relation, the rule of the circulating and the development of NGOs. The third chapter deeply analyzes the problems to hider the development of community autonomy in the present stage in changshou road. The fourth Chapter gives some advice about the community autonomy to realize the real autonomy in our grass- roots society.

论文的引言部分对选题的缘起、目的、意义以及研究方法作了简要说明，同时也界定了文中涉及的一些重要的研究概念；正文的第一章主要是介绍我国城市社区转型的背景和进程，分社区建设的兴起、管理体制的改革、居委会自治实践三个阶段介绍了我国社区发展的主要历程；第二章主要是介绍了上海长寿路街道社区自治在组织体制，运行规则和民间组织发展等方面的发展现状；第三章作者对街道社区自治现阶段存在一些问题进行了深刻剖析；第四章是在分析问题的基础上对城市社区自治发展提出了一些可行的改进意见，希望能帮助我们的基层社会尽快实现真正的自治。

Organs of self－government have the right to handle local financial, economic, cultural and educational affairs.

民族区域自治地方根据《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》行使各种自治权利，有权依照当地民族的政治、经济和文化的特点，制定自治条例和单行条例；在不违背宪法和法律的原则下，有权采取特殊政策和灵活措施；上级国家机关的决议、决定、命令、指示，如有不适合民族区域自治地方实际情况的，自治机关可以报请批准变通执行或停止执行；自治机关有自主地管理本地方财政、经济、文化、教育事业的自治权利。

And we argue that, if the research is to be deepen in further steps and breakthroughs are to be achieved, something must be done: to reject the noble-like thinking characterized by the sense of ego-superiority of self-culture; to get the better of the thinking habit such as the argument of feudal-clan, the argument of backward politic ideology of the peasantry;to relate rural clans to the peasantry, their subject of benefits instead of splitting them, and regard the multi-choices of ways of the existence and social benefits of rural society as well as urban society, thus to overcome the static vision on looking at the rural clan.

农村改革兴起后，农村宗族组织及其活动在中国商品经济最为活跃的东南地区的普遍复兴，给了这一思维定势以强烈的冲击，进而引起学者们对这一问题的重新认识和反思；进入80年代末期以后，随着村民自治建设的不断推进，作为一种农村社会群体形式的宗族组织自然又与村民自治自觉不自觉地缠绕在一起，如何评价宗族在村民自治进程中的角色和影响便成为一个更具有现实性意义的话题。

Chapter 6 describe the project and tallage of office , the government's suppressing makeautonomy into difficulty, but shanghai esquire still request autonomy.

第六章论述工巡捐局时期的上海自治，政府的压制使自治处于困难之中，工巡捐局的作为有限，但上海士绅阶层对自治仍滋滋以求。

It isdivided three times: late QING and early MIN times (1905 to 1914) which has three phases ofthe general project office, the autonomy office, the townhouse; the project and tallage officetimes (1914 to 1923),shanghai autonomy is canceled in the times by law, and is in shadow;the city public office times (1923 to 1927) which shanghai autonomy was resumed, but it facesthe complicated polity conditions, its ability was oppressed and far from the center.

上海自治从1905年上海总工程局成立，到1927年南京国民政府统一全国结束，共分为三个时期：1905-1914年为清末民初时期，经历总工程局、自治公所、市政厅三个阶段；1914-1923年以工巡捐局为标志，上海自治被法令明令取消，上海自治处于隐形时期；1924-1927年上海市公所时期，自治得到恢复，但面临的政治形势更为复杂，上海市公所在复杂的政治形势影响下，其活动能力受到挤压而日益边际化。

However, We have also found a lot of questions which we must treat, discuss and resolve seriously while we found the remarkable effect in the practice of the Villagers' self-government in Chinese countryside,such as no balance in the development of the Villagers' self-government, the contradiction between "the twofold role" of the village committee and the basic principle of the Villagers' self-government, the contradiction between villages and towns government organization and the Villagers' self-government, the contradicition between the branch of the Chinese Communist party and village committee,the question of democratic election, the contradiction between the charactor of parial villagers and the requirement promoting the Villagers' self-government and so on.

然人，中国农村村民自治在实践中取得显著成效的同时，我们也应该看到，村民自治在实践发展中产生了许多需要认真研究和急待解决的问题。如村民自治发展的不平衡性、村委会的&双重角色&与村民自治基本原则之间的矛盾、乡镇政权机关与村民自治的矛盾、村党支部与村委会的矛盾、民主选举中的问题、部分村民的素质与推进村民自治的要求存在着不相适应的矛盾等。

Build the development course to observe to new period regional national autonomy through the study on some important historical documents in this text, It is the horizontal and the vertical in applications , Finish comparing at analyse, history and logic unify at new period the theories of regional national autonomies and practice go on and expound the fact in detail many kinds of methods, In order to having one a piece of overall summing up relatively to this question, strive and seek and publish regional national autonomy the successful experiences of evolution, Point out that new period insists and perfect the realistic meaning of regional national autonomy.

本文作者通过对一些重要历史文献的研究，对新时期民族区域自治的发展历程进行了考察，并运用了横向与纵向比较分析相结合、历史与逻辑相统一等多种方法对新时期民族区域自治的理论与实践进行了详细地论述，以求对该问题有一个较全面的归纳，并力争探求出民族区域自治发展过程中的成功经验，指出新时期坚持和完善民族区域自治的现实意义。

The Russian Federation national autonomous prefectures and autonomous zone Autonomous and self-map area population (one million square serial zone million, capital km 190 1-1 Jewish Autonomous 3.6023. 20 to Robbie Zhan 1-2 Nenets autonomous post-secondary 17. 677.50 District naryan mar 1-33. 2925.20 Komi - Perm green card Er Yake Kurdish autonomous zone 1-4 Khanty - Mansi from 52. 31,130.50 Hunter - Man Xisi Governance Area g 1 -575. 0329.30 Yamal - Nie Nie pod out Haerdeci self-government in autonomous prefectures and autonomous area map area population (one million square serial zone million, capital km 190 1-6 Temel self-designed 86. 217.20 dudinka District 1-7 Avon-based self-government tertiary 76.762. 40 Fig tension zone 1-8 Ust - Orr 2. 2418.90 Darboux Li Yate from Ust - Austria Er-Governance Center Deng Siji 1-91. 909.50 Aga - Buliyaa Jin Sike that special autonomy zone 1-10 Chukotka autonomous professionals 73. 7720.20 Anadyr District 1-11 Coria grams of self-government 30. 154.80 Palana Russia, a vast area across most parts of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.

俄罗斯联邦民族自治州和自治专区图中自治州及自治面积（人口（序号专区名万平方万人，首府公里）190）1—1犹太自治州3.6023.20比罗比詹1—2涅涅茨自治专17.677.50区纳里扬马尔1—33.2925.20科米—彼尔米库德绿卡尔亚克自治专区1—4汉特—曼西自52.31130.50汉特—曼西斯治专区克1—575.0329.30亚马尔—涅涅蒴列哈尔德茨自治专区图中自治州及自治面积（人口（序号专区名万平方万人，首府公里）190）1—6泰梅尔自治专86.217.20杜金卡区1—7埃文基自治专76.762.40图拉区1—8乌斯季—奥尔2.2418.90达布里亚特自乌斯季—奥尔治专区登斯基1—91.909.50阿加—布里亚阿金斯科那特自治专区1—10楚科奇自治专73.7720.20阿纳德尔区1—11科里亚克自治30.154.80帕拉纳专区俄罗斯幅员辽阔，横跨东欧和北亚大部分地区。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。